Table 4. Associations of scales of depression, anxiety and stress with students’ demographic variables, their medical studies and health status during the coronavirus pandemic–results of multivariate logistic regressions.
| Variables | Multivariate logistic regression (Severe versus moderate) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Depression Scale | Anxiety Scale | Stress Scale | ||||
| OR (95%CI) | P-value | OR (95%CI) | P-value | OR (95%CI) | P-value | |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Female | 1.56 (0.91–2.66) | 0.107 | 2.21 (1.09–4.49) | 0.027 | 3.37 (1.70–6.68) | <0.001 |
| Age | ||||||
| ≤20 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 21–30 | 1.81 (0.61–5.44) | 0.288 | 0.59 (0.14–2.47) | 0.467 | 1.82 (0.42–7.90) | 0.424 |
| 31+ | 0.37 (0.04–3.20) | 0.370 | 0.31 (0.02–5.10) | 0.416 | 0.21 (0.02–2.20) | 0.194 |
| Year of studies | ||||||
| First | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Second | 0.53 (0.23–1.25) | 0.150 | 0.20 (0.03–1.14) | 0.069 | 0.18 (0.05–0.69) | 0.012 |
| Third | 0.32 (0.09–1.19) | 0.090 | 0.16 (0.02–1.40) | 0.099 | 0.11 (0.02–0.71) | 0.021 |
| Fourth | 0.26 (0.06–1.07) | 0.061 | 0.42 (0.04–4.25) | 0.461 | 0.18 (0.02–1.46) | 0.109 |
| Fifth | 0.12 (0.03–0.49) | 0.003 | 0.16 (0.02–1.49) | 0.107 | 0.09 (0.01–0.71) | 0.023 |
| Sixth | 0.21 (0.05–0.81) | 0.023 | 0.36 (0.04–3.32) | 0.366 | 0.09 (0.01–0.71) | 0.022 |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Single | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Married/Living with a partner | 1.05 (0.62–1.77) | 0.868 | 1.34 (0.61–2.98) | 0.466 | 2.01 (0.90–4.48) | 0.088 |
| Religious | ||||||
| Yes | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| No | 1.50 (0.95–2.36) | 0.083 | 1.10 (0.56–2.14) | 0.786 | 1.36 (0.71–2.62) | 0.359 |
| Settlement type | ||||||
| Urban | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Rural | 1.33 (0.73–2.43) | 0.358 | 1.40 (0.54–3.62) | 0.494 | 0.57 (0.27–1.20) | 0.140 |
| Cohabitation during the studies | ||||||
| Alone | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| With family/room mate | 1.18 (0.70–2.01) | 0.531 | 1.53 (0.74–3.16) | 0.253 | 2.57 (1.31–5.03) | 0.006 |
| Location during the state of emergency | ||||||
| In Belgrade | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Not in Belgrade/Serbia | 1.06 (0.68–1.66) | 0.795 | 0.90 (0.46–1.75) | 0.748 | 0.99 (0.52–1.89) | 0.938 |
| Online classes | ||||||
| Few | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Moderate | 0.96 (0.58–1.61) | 0.892 | 1.64 (0.76–3.56) | 0.206 | 1.03 (0.50–2.13) | 0.938 |
| Plenty | 0.55 (0.28–1.07) | 0.077 | 0.83 (0.33–2.06) | 0.687 | 0.52 (0.21–1.29) | 0.157 |
| Problems with online learning platform | ||||||
| Yes | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| No | 0.75 (0.47–1.22) | 0.247 | 0.68 (0.32–1.48) | 0.335 | 0.94 (0.46–1.90) | 0.857 |
| Coronavirus infection | ||||||
| Yes | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| No/not sure | 0.88 (0.54–1.44) | 0.617 | 0.99 (0.48–2.02) | 0.974 | 0.80 (0.40–1.60) | 0.530 |
| General health | ||||||
| Poor | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Average | / | 0.998 | / | 0.998 | / | 0.999 |
| Good | / | 0.998 | / | 0.998 | / | 0.999 |
| Physical health | ||||||
| Poor | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Average | 1.23 (0.26–5.92) | 0.795 | 3.79 (0.52–27.49) | 0.187 | / | 0.998 |
| Good | 0.71 (0.14–3.57) | 0.683 | 2.80 (0.36–21.68) | 0.324 | / | 0.998 |
| Mental health | ||||||
| Poor | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Average | 0.06 (0.01–0.50) | 0.009 | / | 0.996 | / | 0.996 |
| Good | 0.01 (0.01–0.07) | <0.001 | / | 0.996 | / | 0.996 |