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Genome editing at the CRISPR/Cas9 target locus. Site-specific nucleases introduce double-strand breaks where genes are modified by two repair pathways. Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) knocks out genes via deletions or insertions in the absence of donor DNA. Homology-directed repair (HDR) results in the insertion of donor DNA on the basis of homologous regions and the correction of gene sequences according to small changes in either DNA strand.
