Table 1.

Examples of genes from various crops that have been modified by the CRISPR/Cas9 system to increase disease resistance.

Crop Name	Gene Name	Gene Function	Editing Methods	Mutant Features	References
barley	MLO	reduced resistance to powdery mildew	knockout	improved resistance to powdery mildew	[51]
wheat	TaMLO-A1	reduced resistance to powdery mildew	knockout	improved resistance to powdery mildew	[52]
tomato	SlMLO1	reduced resistance to powdery mildew	knockout	improved resistance to powdery mildew	[53]
tomato	MLO1	reduced resistance to powdery mildew	knockout	improved resistance to powdery mildew	[54]
tomato	EDR1	encoded MAPKKK protein kinase	knockout	improved resistance to powdery mildew	[54]
rice	OsERF922	involved in the modulation of multiple stress tolerance	knockout	enhancing blast resistance	[56]
rice	OsSEC3A	interacted with rice SNAP25-type SNARE protein OsSNAP32 and phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate	knockout	enhanced resistance to the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae	[55]
grape	VvWRKY52	play roles in biotic stress responses	knockout	increased the resistance to Botrytis cinerea	[57]
rice	SWEET11, SWEET1113, SWEET1114	transporter genes required for disease susce	knockout	increased broad spectrum resistance to different physiological races of Xoo	[58]
grape	CsLOB1	a critical citrus disease susceptibility gene	editing the PthA4 effector binding element	increased canker-resistance	[59]
grape	CsLOB1	a critical citrus disease susceptibility gene	remove the effector binding region of CsLOB1	enhanced resistance to Xcc	[60]
apple	DIPM-1, DIPM-2, DIPM-4	disease susceptibility genes	knockout	increased resistance to fire blight disease	[61]
potatoes	StDND1, StCHL1, StDMR6-1	disease susceptibility genes	knockout	increased resistance against late blight	[67]
chili pepper	CaERF28	disease susceptibility genes	knockout	increased anthracnose resistance	[68]