Table 2.

Examples of genes from various crops that have been modified by the CRISPR/Cas9 system to increase crop yield and quality.

Crop Name	Gene Name	Gene Function	Editing Methods	Mutant Features	References
rice	PYL1, PYL4, PYL6	regulated plant growth	Knockout	promote rice growth and productivity	[83]
rice	GW2, GW5 and TGW6	negative regulators controlling yield-associated characteristics of rice	Knockout	increased grain weight	[84]
rice	OsAAP3	an amino acid osmotic enzyme related to nutrient allocation	Knockout	higher tiller number and grain yield	[85]
rice	OsSNB	regulates flower organ development and rice grain shape	Knockout	increased the grain length, grain width and 1000-grain weight	[87]
wheat	TaGASR7	grain length and weight	Knockout	1000-grain weight	[88]
wheat	TaGW2	encoding RING E3 ligase	Knockout	increased the length and width of wheat grains	[89,90]
wheat	TaCKX2-D1	encoding cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase	Knockout	Increased grain number and wheat yield	[91]
rice	OsLOGL5	Cytokinin activating enzyme	Knockout	increased grain number and weight per spike as well as the yield of rice	[92]
rice	Wx	encoding starch synthase	Knockout	reduced the content of amylose content	[25]
maize	Wx1	encoding starch synthase	Knockout	Increased maize amylopectin content close to 100%	[49]
rice	SBEI, SBEIIb	Determined the fine structure and physical properties of starch	Knockout	increased AC and RS content	[95,96,97]
spring barley	Waxy	catalyzed synthesis of amylose	Knockout	reduced amylose content	[98]
rice	OsBADH2	encoding betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase	Knockout	increased the flavor of rice	[99]
tomato	ANT1	regulated plant growth	in-situ site-specific activation	Increased anthocyanin content	[105]
soybean	GmFATB1	encoding FATB protein	Knockout	reduced the contents of two saturated fatty acids in soybean	[106]