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. 2022 Sep 13;119(38):e2202338119. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2202338119

Table 1.

Summary of basins surveyed and CH4 results

Basin Dates surveyed Area surveyed (km2) No. of detected plumes Total airborne CH4 emissions
(t h−1)* 		Sector contribution to point source total (%)† Average no. of overpasses per source Average source persistence (unitless) Total area CH4 flux
(t h−1)‡ 		Contribution of point sources to area flux (%)
San Joaquin Valley July 8 to September 24, 2020 5,600 284 10.6 ± 3.3 O: 65
W: 2
M: 33
C: 0		 8.2 0.29 22.5 ± 3.3 47
San Joaquin Valley November 9–23, 2020 5,600 111 5.56 ± 2.0 O: 100
W: 0
M: 0
C: 0		 6.2 0.28 22.2 ± 4.5 25
San Joaquin Valley November 5–13, 2021 5,600 68 2.34 ± 3.3 O: 93
W: 0
M: 7
C: 0		 3.1 0.41 17.6 ± 2.4 13
Permian September 22 to November 4, 2019 54,000 3025 246 ± 79 O: 100
W: 0
M: 0
C: 0		 7.7 0.26 415 ± 110 59
Permian July 13–24, 2020 8,400 595 72.3 ± 20 O: 100
W: 0
M: 0
C: 0%		 3.2 0.45 177 ± 59 41
Permian July 26 to August 10, 2021 8,900 901 67.7 ± 19 O: 100
W: 0
M: 0
C: 0		 3.9 0.39 181 ± 40 38
Permian October 3–17, 2021 8,900 765 74.1 ± 27 O: 100
W: 0
M: 0
C: 0		 4.0 0.38 111 ± 28 67
Uinta July 26 to August 7, 2020 6,200 123 6.13 ± 2.8 O: 100
W: 0
M: 0
C: 0		 3.6 0.44 33.9 ± 5.5 18
Denver-Julesburg July 12–22, 2021 4,800 92 4.98 ± 2.1 O: 50
W: 6
M: 44
C: 0		 4.5 0.34 21.1 ± 4.1 24
Denver-Julesburg September 19–29, 2021 4,800 94 5.37 ± 1.7 O: 79
W: 5
M: 16
C: 0		 4.8 0.28 25.2 ± 6.8 21
Southwest Pennsylvania May 13–21, 2021 10,300 136 63.8 ± 24 O: 33
W: 1
M: 0
C: 66		 3.1 0.60 109 ± 39 59

*Total airborne emissions calculated by aggregated persistence-averaged source emissions within each observing domain.

†O, O&G; W, waste management; M, wet manure management; C, coal.

‡Total area flux estimated through inversion of TROPOMI XCH4 (methods described in SI Appendix, Section S2).