Fig. 5.

Glycolytic proteins increased in response to NaAsO₂ are codon biased. (A) Seven proteins involved in glycolysis and the pentose–phosphate pathway were significantly up-regulated after an LD₂₀ arsenite exposure in HepG2 cells as measured by proteomics (Dataset S2). (B) Both isoacceptor and total codon frequencies for the group of seven corresponding gene sequences were analyzed to identify those codons deviating from genome averages (SI Appendix, Table S3 and Dataset S5), with t-statistics (Left; T-stat), isoacceptor codon frequencies (Middle; iso), and total codon frequencies (Right; total) hierarchically clustered and shown as heat maps. (C) Q-decoded codons are highlighted, with t-statistics (Left; T-stat), isoacceptor codon frequencies (Middle; iso), and total codon frequencies (Right); total hierarchically clustered and shown as heat maps.