Gene expression was measured with PanCancer Immune Profiling panel in tumour biopsies from unpaired or paired samples (as indicated) of Zuma 1 patients from subset 1 (n=39; 19 unpaired FFPE; 23 unpaired FF; 3 paired FF), subset 2 (n=22; 14 unpaired FFPE; 12 unpaired FF; 3 paired FF), and subset 3 (n=4; 2 unpaired FFPE; 3 unpaired FF; 3 paired FF,). a-c, Gene expression related to anti-tumour immune response. a, Cytotoxic T-cell–related genes; b, cytokine and IFN-related genes; c, MHC class I–related genes. P values were derived with a Kruskal-Wallis test. d-i, Gene expression related to immunosuppressive response. d, Comparative gene expression of FoxP3, CTLA-4, CCR4, and CCL22 genes (Kruskal-Wallis test; P values as indicated) in biopsies from subset 1 (n = 19), subset 2 (n = 14), and subset 3 (n = 2); e-i, Ratios of gene expression for CTLA-4 with (e) CD3D or (f) CD3E (statistical significance of the spearman coefficient level (two-sided P value) embedded in panels; grey ribbons represent the 95% Confidence Interval of the regression line) and of FoxP3 with (g) CD3D, (h) CD3E, or (i) CD8A (Kruskal-Wallis test, P values as indicated). j,k, Correlations between gene expression of CCL22 and cell density of Treg measured by Immunoscore TCE panel (j) or gene expression of CCR4 (k) in tumour biopsies from Zuma 1 subset 1 pts (n = 14 and n = 16, respectively),two-sided Wilcoxon tests. axi-cel, axicabtagene ciloleucel; CCL, chemokine ligand; CCR, chemokine receptor; CTLA-4, cytotoxic T lymphocyte–associated protein 4; FOXP3, forkhead box P3; GZMA, granzyme A; HLA, human leucocyte antigen; IL, interleukin; IRF1, interferon regulatory factor 1; LAG-3, lymphocyte-activation gene 3; MHC, major histocompatibility complex; TCE, T-cell Exhaustion; TME, tumour microenvironment; Treg, regulatory T-cell.