Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of included studies (n = 11)

First author, year of publication	Health status	Gender	Exercise intensity	Initial sample size [n]	Droput [%]	Mean age [years]	Body mass [kg]	Height [cm]	Medication use
Bemben, 20001 [29]	Healthy	w	HI	13	23	51 ± 2	74.7 ± 5.6	162 ± 2	None
			LI	11	36	52 ± 2	62.7 ± 3.4	165 ± 2	None
Bemben, 20111,2 [30]	Healthy	w: 98 m: 62	2HI	39	21	w:64 m:65 ± 1	w: 69.7 ± 1.5 m: 83.5 ± 1.6	w:163 ± 1 m:177 ± 1	Partially HRT, (75%)
			2LI	41	17
			3HI	34	29
			3LI	46	24
Borer, 20071 [31]	Healthy	w	HI	13*	n.g	59 ± 1	76.4 ± 2.7	162 ± 2	HRT, ≈58%
			LI	12*	n.g	58 ± 1	78.5 ± 3.0	162 ± 2	HRT, ≈67%
Brentano, 2008 [32]	Healthy	w	HI	10	0	66 ± 4	56.7 ± 5.8	162 ± 0	HRT, ≈50%
			LI	9	0	66 ± 3	60.6 ± 8.8	160 ± 0	HRT, ≈50%
Grove, 1992 [33]	Healthy	w	HI	5	0	54 ± 2	72.3 ± 19.2	n.g	HRT, 40%
			LI	5	0	57 ± 4	69.0 ± 12.7	n.g	HRT, 40%
Hatori, 1993 [34]	Healthy	w	HI	12	0	56 ± 4	54.0 ± 5.0	152 ± 3	None
			LI	11	18	58 ± 5	53.4 ± 6.8	151 ± 5	None
Kerr, 1996 [35]	Healthy	w	HI	28	11	58 ± 4	69.4 ± 11.4	165 ± 7	None
			LI	28	25	56 ± 5	70.8 ± 10.0	165 ± 6	None
Maddalozzo, 2000 [36]	Healthy	w: 26 m: 28	HI	w: 12 m: 15	25 20	53 ± 3 53 ± 3	71.3 ± 9.6 85.4 ± 13.2	n.g n.g	None
			LI	w: 14 m: 13	36 8	53 ± 3 55 ± 3	69.3 ± 14.2 93.2 ± 18.4	n.g n.g	None
Pruitt, 1995 [37]	Healthy	w	HI	15	47	67 ± 1	64.5 ± 9.2	163 ± 7	None
			LI	13	46	68 ± 1	61.5 ± 4.6	161 ± 5	None
			LI	28	14	59 ± 4	65.8 ± 10.4	165 ± 7	None
Vincent, 2002 [39]	Healthy	w & m2	HI	30	27	67 ± 7	74.8 ± 15	167 ± 9	n.g
			LI	34	29	68 ± 6	74.4 ± 16	167 ± 11	n.g
von Stengel, 2007 [38]	Osteopenia	w	HI	25	12	57 ± 4	69.9 ± 8.7	164 ± 7	None

¹Values are MV ± S

²Distribution per group not consistently given

HI, high intensity; HRT, hormone replacement therapy; LI, low intensity; n.g., not given

Health status: We focus on osteoporosis/osteopenia and fractures reported only. Otherwise, subjects were considered “healthy.” Table contains only exercise groups