Fig. 5.

Effect of TCA on TNF-α expression in CFA-induced arthritis mice model a Representative photomicrographs of immunohistochemical analysis of TNF-α in paw sections from: control (A), CFA (B), CFA/MTX (C), and CFA/TCA (D) groups, after 5 weeks. IHC counterstained with Mayer's hematoxylin, X: 400, bar: 50 µm. b Scatter dot plot showing the score of TNF-α. The data presented are the median (n = 6), #, *p < 0.05 compared with control and CFA groups, respectively using Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn's multiple comparison test, CFA complete freund’s adjuvant, MTX methotrexate, TCA trans-cinnamaldehyde, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-alpha