Table 1.

Defining “lower” functioning at each site

Cohort	Country	Lower function defined
FACE-BD (Fondation FondaMental)	France	FAST≥21
University of Michigan	USA	Best Estimate Illness Impact ≥2
King’s College London PROMPT	England	WSAS ≥20
King’s College London CRIB	England	FAST ≥21
University of British Colombia	Canada	MSIF ≥4
University of Barcelona	Spain	FAST≥21
Deakin University	Australia	GAF≤60
Mass General Hospital LITMUS	USA	LIFTRIFT ≥14
Mass General Hospital CHOICE	USA	LIFTRIFT ≥14
Mayo Clinic	USA	Not working full time
Oslo University Hospital	Norway	GAF <60
GAGE-BD (consortium)	USA	GAF≤60
Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai	USA	WHODAS >5

Functional Assessment Short Test (FAST)³³; Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS)³²; Multidimensional Scale of Independent Functioning (MSIF)³⁸; Global Assessment of Function (GAF)³⁹; Longitudinal Interval Follow Up Evaluation-Range of Impaired Functioning Tool (LIFE-RIFT)⁴⁰; WHO Disability Adjustment Schedule (WHODAS)³¹; Best Estiamte of Illness Impact from Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies (DIGS)41.

FAST is a 24 item assessment of 6 domains of function (autonomy, occupational functioning, cognitive functioning, financial, interpersonal, and leisure time); MSIF assesses occupational, education and residential domains of function; WSAS is a brief, 5-item questionnaire that assesses one’s ability to work, home management, social and private leisure activities and close relationships; WHODAS assesses 6 domains of function (cognition, mobility, self-care, getting along, life activities, and participation); LIFE-RIFT assesses 4 domains of function (work, interpersonal, satisfaction, and recreation); GAF is a continuous scale of function based on the DSM-IV, rated from 0–100, with higher scores indicating higher functional capacity; Best Estimate of Illness Impact is derived from a diagnostic interview that classifies the impact of the patient’s illness on their life.