Table 1.
Clinical baseline characteristics of the patients
| Variables | |
| Number of patients, n | 77 |
| Men/women, n | 50/27 |
| Age, years | 64.6 (11.6) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27.3 (5.03) |
| BW, kg | 70.4 [65–82] |
| Duration of diabetes, years | 14 [9–22] |
| HbA1c, % | 8.1 (1.23) |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 65.5 (26.9) |
| TC, mg/dL | 178 (37.3) |
| TG, mg/dL | 146 [103–205] |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 49 [20–56] |
| Dyslipidemia, yes, n (%) | 51 (66.2) |
| Hypertension, yes, n (%) | 48 (62.3) |
| Ischemic heart disease, yes, n (%) | 17 (22.1) |
| Diabetic retinopathy yes, n (%) | 11 (14.3) |
| Diabetic nephropathy yes, n (%) | 27 (35.1) |
| Medications | |
| Sulfonylurea, n (%) | 14 (18.2) |
| Biguanide, n (%) | 40 (52) |
| Glinide, n (%) | 23 (29.8) |
| α-Glucosidase inhibitor, n (%) | 21 (27.3) |
| Thiazolidinedione, n (%) | 7 (9.1) |
| SGLT2 inhibitor, n (%) | 51 (66.2) |
| DPP4 inhibitor n (%) | 14 (18.2) |
| OAD only, n (%) | 11 (14.3) |
| Insulin therapy, n (%) | 33 (42.9) |
| Basal insulin only, n (%) | 21 (27.3) |
| Bolus insulin only, n (%) | 0 (0) |
| Basal–bolus therapy, n (%) | 12 (15.6) |
| GLP-1 receptor agonist, n (%) | 57 (74) |
| Liraglutide, n (%) | 10 (13) |
| Lixisenatide, n (%) | 10 (13) |
| Dulaglutide, n (%) | 37 (48.1) |
Data are presented as n (%) for categorical variables and as the mean (standard deviation) or median [interquartile range] for continuous variables
BMI body mass index, BW body weight, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, TC total cholesterol, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG triglyceride, SGLT2 sodium-glucose cotransporter 2, DPP4 dipeptidyl peptidase 4, OAD oral antidiabetic drug, GLP-1 glucagon-like peptide 1