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. 2022 Sep 9;13:996965. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.996965

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Copyright © 2022 Castelli, Plescia, Maniaci, Lavanco, Pizzolanti, Brancato and Cannizzaro.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Anxiety, resilience, self-esteem, and drinking motives correlate with alcohol drinking patterns, neurovegetative and endocrine response. Loading-factor graph of principal component analysis (A) and the correlation matrix (B) show how alcohol drinking pattern and motives co-variate and correlate with anxiety-, resilience- and self-esteem levels observed in high school students. AUDIT-C, Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test-C; DMQ, Drinking Motives Questionnaire-Revised Short Form; STAI-S/T, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State; CDR-25, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale; BASIC-SE, Basic Self-Esteem Scale.