Table 3.
Polymorphic sites in the sequence comparison of the nuclear rDNA ITS-1 between haplotypes of “genetically pure” Fasciola hepatica from livestock in Europe and the Americas, “genetically pure” F. gigantica from livestock in African countries, F. nyanzae from hippopotamuses in the nature reserves in South Africa and from snails and one hippopotamus in Zimbabwe, Fascioloides jacksoni from elephants in Sri Lanka, and Fs. magna from cervids in USA.
| Fasciolid species | haplotype or isolate (I) | Country | Acc. No. | ITS-1 variable positions | Length (bp) | GC (%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 111111 | 1111111222 | 2222333333 | |||||||
| 1244577777 | 7799111246 | 6677789056 | 7789001227 | ||||||
| 6568902345 | 6737356275 | 6826735977 | 2878571591 | ||||||
| F. hepatica | Fh-ITS1-A | Spain + a | MG569980 | -CACGTGCGG | ACAAGACTCT | CCGTTAGCTT | T A T A T C A T C C | 365 | 48.49 |
| F. gigantica | Fg-ITS1-A | Burkina Faso + b | AJ853848 | -T . . . . . . . . | . . . . . T . . . . | . . . . . . . T . . | . . A . . T . . . . | 364 | 48.08 |
| F. nyanzae | Fn-ITS1-A | South Africa-K | ON661092 | -T . . . . . . . . | . . . . . . . . . . | . . . . . . . T . . | . . . . . . . . . . | 365 | 47.95 |
| F. nyanzae | Fn-ITS1-A | South Africa-S | ON661092 | -T . . . . . . . . | . . . . . . . . . . | . . . . . . . T . . | . . . . . . . . . . | 365 | 47.95 |
| F. nyanzae | I S8bLN | Zimbabwe | MT893595 | -T . . . . . . . . | . . . . . . . . . . | . . . . . . . T . . | . . . . . . . . . . | 365 | 47.95 |
| F. nyanzae | I 483 | Zimbabwe | MT893588 | -T . . . . . . . . | . . . . . . . . . . | . . . . . . . T . . | . . . . . . . . . . | 365 | 47.95 |
| F. nyanzae | I 481 | Zimbabwe | MT893587 | -T . . . . . . . . | . . . . . . . . . . | . . . . . . . T . . | . . . . . . . . . . | 365 | 47.95 |
| F. nyanzae | I 480 | Zimbawbe | MT893586 | -T . . . . . . . . | . . . . . . . . . . | . . . . . . . T . . | . . . . . . . . . . | 365 | 47.95 |
| F. nyanzae | I 394 | Zimbabwe | MW046872 | -T . . . . . . . . | . . . . . . . . . . | . . . . . . . T . . | . . . . . . . . . . | 365 | 47.95 |
| F. nyanzae | I 393 | Zimbabwe | MW046870 | -T . . . . . . . . | . . . . . . . . . . | . . . . . . . T . . | . . . . . . . . . . | 365 | 47.95 |
| F. nyanzae | I 2 | Zimbabwe | MT909820 | -T . . . . . . . . | . . . . . . . . . . | . . . . . . . T . . | . . . . . . . . . . | 365 | 47.95 |
| F. nyanzae | I 1 | Zimbabwe | MT909821 | -T . . . . . . . . | . . . . . . . . . . | . . . . . . . T . . | . . . . . . . . . . | 365 | 47.95 |
| Fs. jacksoni | Fsj-ITS1-A | Sri Lanka | ON661093 | A ... A . . . . . | . . CG. . ACTC | TT-AG . A . . . | . . . . . TG. . T | 364 | 48.90 |
| Fs. magna | n.d. | Oregon, USA | KU232369 | A . GT. GTT- - | - T . . CGTCTC | T. - GGG. . . C | C G . CCT. CT. | 364 | 50.00 |
| Fs. magna | n.d. | MS, USA | EF051080 | A . GT. GTT- - | - T . . CGTCTC | T. - GGG. . CC | C G . CCT. CT. | 364 | 50.00 |
Differences observed in a 433-bp-long alignment including 398 conserved and 35 variable positions plus 5 gapped positions, of which 34 were parsimony informative positions and 1 was a singleton site. Positions, numbers (to be read in vertical) refer to variable positions obtained in the alignment made with MEGA X; . = identical; - = insertion/deletion; n.d., not determined.
a, Andorra, France, Poland, Mexico, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Uruguay, Argentina.
b, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, southern Algeria, Cameroon.
K, Klaserie Private Nature Reserve; S, Sabi Sand Nature Reserve.