Table 3.
Risk of bias assessment: NOS scores for cohort studies.
| Items of NOS | Studies | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alessa 2017 |
Amin 2015 | Cai 2018 |
Forster 2021 |
Greg 2019 | Huang 2018 | Michele 2012 |
Robert 2018 | Satoshi 2019 | Tahiri 2020 | Wang 2021 | Xu 2020 |
|
| Selection | ||||||||||||
| Representativeness of the exposed cohort | ∗ | ∗ | ∗ | ∗ | ∗ | ∗ | ∗ | ∗ | ∗ | ∗ | ∗ | |
| Selection of the non-exposed cohort | ∗ | ∗ | ∗ | ∗ | ∗ | ∗ | ∗ | ∗ | ∗ | ∗ | ∗ | ∗ |
| Ascertainment of exposure | ∗ | ∗ | ∗ | ∗ | ∗ | ∗ | ∗ | ∗ | ∗ | ∗ | ∗ | ∗ |
| Demonstration that outcome of interest was not present at start of study | ∗ | |||||||||||
| Comparability | ||||||||||||
| Comparability of cohorts on basis of the design or analysis | ∗∗ | ∗∗ | ∗∗ | ∗∗ | ∗∗ | ∗∗ | ∗∗ | ∗ | ∗∗ | ∗ | ∗∗ | ∗ |
| Outcome | ||||||||||||
| Assessment of outcome | ∗ | ∗ | ∗ | ∗ | ∗ | ∗ | ∗ | ∗ | ∗ | |||
| Was follow-up long enough for outcomes to occur | ∗ | ∗ | ∗ | ∗ | ∗ | ∗ | ∗ | ∗ | ∗ | ∗ | ∗ | ∗ |
| Adequacy of follow-up of cohorts | ∗ | ∗ | ∗ | |||||||||
| Total | 6 | 7 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 7 |
NOS, Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale.