Table 5.
Postoperative information recorded from a cohort of dogs undergoing cholecystectomy and in which systemic analgesia (SA) or extradural anaesthesia-analgesia (EAA) were used.
| Information |
SA (n of dogs = 19) |
EAA (n of dogs = 19–21)§ |
p value | OR (95%CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PO NSAIDs | Administration (n of dogs) | 9 Y−10 N | 11 Y−10 N | >0.99 | |
| Robenacoxib (n) | 5 | 9 | 0.33 | ||
| Meloxicam (n) | 2 | 2 | >0.99 | ||
| Carprofen (n) | 2 | 0 | 0.22 | ||
| PO opioid requirement first 24 h | Methadone (n of dogs) | 18 Y−1 N | 9 Y−12 N | 0.0006 | 24 (2.81–268.4) |
| Methadone administrations (n) | 5 (2–6) | 0 (0–1) | <0.0001 | ||
| Additional CRI (n of dogs) | 10 Y−8 N | 1 Y−20 N | 0.0008 | 25 (3.47–281.9) | |
| PO opioid requirement 24–48 h | Methadone (n of dogs) | 13 Y−6 N | 3 Y−16 N | 0.0025 | 11.56 (2.37–45.06) |
| Methadone administrations (n) | 3 (0–5) | 0 (0–0) | 0.03 | ||
| Additional CRI (n of dogs) | 9 Y−10 N | 0 Y −19 N | 0.001 | 35.29 (1.86–668.2) | |
| PO urination | Urinary catheter placement at end of surgery (n of dogs) | 5 Y −14 N | 6 Y −15 N | >0.99 | |
| PO urinary interventions (n of dogs) | 0 Y −14 N | 4 Y−11 N | 0.10 | ||
| Time to first urination (h) | 7 (3–13) | 7 (3–19) | 0.78 | ||
| Pancreatitis$ | Over 48 h (n of dogs) | 7 Y−12 N | 6 Y−15 N | 0.74 | |
| Vomiting / regurgitation | First 24 h (n of dogs) | 3 Y−16 N | 3 Y−18 N | >0.99 | |
| 24-48 h (n of dogs) | 2 Y−17 N | 4 Y −15 N | 0.66 | ||
| Antiemetic / prokinetic / anti-acids administration (n of dogs) | 10 Y−9 N | 21 Y−0 N | 0.0003 | 38.9 (2.06–734.44)* | |
| Maropitant (n of dogs) | 7 Y−12 N | 15Y−6 N | 0.05 | 4.29 (1.20–15.01)* | |
| PO feeding | Oesophagostomy or gastric feeding tube placement (n of dogs) | 7 Y−12 N | 17 Y−4 N | 0.009 | 7.28 (1.78–24.93)* |
| Duration of tube-feeding (days) | 3 (1–9) | 3 (1–5) | 0.40 | ||
| Time to first oral intake (h) | 24 (10–40) | 21 (12–42) | 0.97 | ||
| Voluntary food intake during first 24 h (n of dogs) | 10 Y−9 N | 11 Y −10 N | >0.99 | ||
| AUC of RER eaten voluntary first 24 h | 241 ± 187 | 428 ± 249 | 0.01 | ||
| AUC of RER eaten voluntary second 24 h | 499 ± 257 | 818 ± 300 | 0.001 | ||
| Overall outcome | Survival rate (n of dogs) | 18 Y−1 N | 19 Y−3 N | 0.61 | |
| Hospitalisation time (days) | 6 (4–8) | 4 (4–6) | 0.22 | ||
Results are reported as number (n) of dogs, mean ± standard deviation, median (95% confidence intervals–CI), odd ratio (OR) or reciprocal OR with 95% CI.
PO, postoperative; n, number; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; Y, yes; N, no; h, hours; AUC, area under the curve; RER, Resting Energy Requirements.
Pancreatitis refers to the overall prevalence: preoperative + postoperative.
One dog was excluded from the analysis during the first 24 postoperative hours because it developed haemoabomen and was euthanised; two dogs were excluded from the analysis during the 24–48 h because: 1) the extradural catheter was dislodged and was removed; 2) the dog was euthanised because of septic peritonitis.
reciprocal OR.