Table 3.
Odds ratio (95% CI) from multiple logistic regression by dairy food type.
| Sex | Crude model | Adjusted model a | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FLI | Q1 (M = 1,112, W = 773) | Q2 (M = 818, W = 1,066) | Q3 (M = 649, W = 1,237) | Q4 (M = 469, W = 1,416) | P -trend | Q1 (M = 1,112, W = 773) | Q2 (M = 818, W = 1,066) | Q3 (M = 649, W = 1,237) | Q4 (M = 469, W = 1,416) | P -trend | |
| Dairy products | M | 1 (Ref) | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.611 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) P = 0.501 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) P = 0.084 | 0.201 | 1 (Ref) | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.350 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.686 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.701 | 0.811 |
| W | 1 (Ref) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) P = 0.036 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) P = 0.000 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) P = 0.000 | <0.001 | 1 (Ref) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) P = 0.291 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.447 | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) P = 0.306 | 0.671 | |
| Milk | M | 1 (Ref) | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.855 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.896 | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.316 | 0.777 | 1 (Ref) | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.953 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.813 | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.188 | 0.404 |
| W | 1 (Ref) | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.313 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) P = 0.192 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) P = 0.113 | 0.421 | 1 (Ref) | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) P = 0.119 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.263 | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) P = 0.346 | 0.452 | |
| Cheese | M | 1 (Ref) | 0.99 (0.99–0.99) P = 0.030 | 0.99 (0.98–0.99) P = 0.028 | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) P = 0.318 | 0.006 | 1 (Ref) | 0.99 (0.99–1.01) P = 0.291 | 0.99 (0.98–1.01) P = 0.215 | 1.01 (0.99–1.02) P = 0.274 | 0.224 |
| W | 1 (Ref) | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) P = 0.991 | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) P = 0.166 | 1.01 (1.00–1.02) P = 0.000 | <0.001 | 1 (Ref) | 0.99 (0.98–1.01) P = 0.568 | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) P = 0.972 | 1.01 (0.99–1.02) P = 0.310 | 0.126 | |
| Yogurt | M | 1 (Ref) | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.603 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) P = 0.057 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) P = 0.012 | 0.047 | 1 (Ref) | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.593 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.991 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.861 | 0.890 |
| W | 1 (Ref) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) P = 0.182 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) P = 0.001 | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) P = 0.000 | <0.001 | 1 (Ref) | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.542 | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.498 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.838 | 0.798 | |
| Dough | M | 1 (Ref) | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.437 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.636 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) P = 0.139 | 0.229 | 1 (Ref) | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.321 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.937 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.972 | 0.667 |
| W | 1 (Ref) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) P = 0.182 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) P = 0.001 | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) P = 0.000 | <0.001 | 1 (Ref) | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) P = 0.088 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.144 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.142 | 0.384 | |
| Curd | M | 1 (Ref) | 0.98 (0.96–1.00) P = 0.089 | 0.98 (0.96–1.01) P = 0.129 | 1.01 (0.98–1.03) P = 0.404 | 0.058 | 1 (Ref) | 0.97 (0.95–1.01) P = 0.146 | 0.98 (0.94–1.02) P = 0.389 | 0.99 (0.95–1.04) P = 0.878 | 0.391 |
| W | 1 (Ref) | 0.99 (0.97–1.03) P = 0.447 | 0.99 (0.97–1.01) P = 0.461 | 1.00 (0.98–1.02) P = 0.985 | 0.710 | 1 (Ref) | 0.98 (0.95–1.01) P = 0.295 | 0.99 (0.95–1.03) P = 0.492 | 0.95 (0.89–1.01) P = 0.101 | 0.262 | |
| Cream | M | 1 (Ref) | 0.97 (0.95–0.99) P = 0.042 | 0.98 (0.96–1.01) P = 0.125 | 0.96 (0.93–0.99) P = 0.022 | 0.029 | 1 (Ref) | 1.01 (0.96–1.06) P = 0.693 | 1.02 (0.97–1.07) P = 0.484 | 1.02 (0.97–1.08) P = 0.423 | 0.791 |
| W | 1 (Ref) | 1.00 (0.98–1.03) P = 0.754 | 1.01 (0.98–1.03) P = 0.682 | 0.99 (0.97–1.02) P = 0.932 | 0.925 | 1 (Ref) | 0.99 (0.96–1.02) P = 0.592 | 0.98 (0.94–1.03) P = 0.460 | 0.99 (0.95–1.04) P = 0.962 | 0.622 | |
| Dairy products | M | 1 (Ref) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) P = 0.171 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) P = 0.632 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) P = 0.002 | 0.006 | 1 (Ref) | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.873 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.153 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) P = 0.335 | 0.063 |
| W | 1 (Ref) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) P = 0.436 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) P = 0.216 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) P = 0.178 | 0.514 | 1 (Ref) | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.847 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.665 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.729 | 0.975 | |
| Milk | M | 1 (Ref) | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.639 | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.407 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.397 | 0.318 | 1 (Ref) | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.134 | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.054 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.703 | 0.107 |
| W | 1 (Ref) | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.784 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.934 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.293 | 0.669 | 1 (Ref) | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.971 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.551 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.488 | 0.641 | |
| Cheese | M | 1 (Ref) | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) P = 0.099 | 0.99 (0.99–1.01) P = 0.775 | 1.01 (1.00–1.01) P = 0.034 | 0.030 | 1 (Ref) | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) P = 0.183 | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.417 | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) P = 0.164 | 0.053 |
| W | 1 (Ref) | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.576 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.697 | 1.01 (1.00–1.01) P = 0.035 | 0.052 | 1 (Ref) | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.554 | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) P = 0.948 | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) P = 0.086 | 0.122 | |
| Yogurt | M | 1 (Ref) | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.591 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.747 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) P = 0.068 | 0.236 | 1 (Ref) | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) P = 0.518 | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.234 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.982 | 0.489 |
| W | 1 (Ref) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) P = 0.236 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) P = 0.173 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.847 | 0.438 | 1 (Ref) | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.815 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.811 | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.139 | 0.324 | |
| Dough | M | 1 (Ref) | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) P = 0.005 | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) P = 0.035 | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) P = 0.000 | 0.001 | 1 (Ref) | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) P = 0.135 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.529 | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) P = 0.098 | 0.077 |
| W | 1 (Ref) | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.789 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) P = 0.240 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) P = 0.241 | 0.522 | 1 (Ref) | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.657 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.981 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.916 | 0.968 | |
| Curd | M | 1 (Ref) | 0.99 (0.97–1.01) P = 0.694 | 0.99 (0.97–1.02) P = 0.538 | 1.01 (0.98–1.02) P = 0.475 | 0.508 | 1 (Ref) | 0.99 (0.97–1.02) P = 0.480 | 0.98 (0.96–1.01) P = 0.352 | 1.00 (0.98–1.02) P = 0.769 | 0.481 |
| W | 1 (Ref) | 0.99 (0.97–1.01) P = 0.334 | 0.99 (0.98–1.01) P = 0.613 | 1.00 (0.98–1.02) P = 0.952 | 0.723 | 1 (Ref) | 0.98 (0.97–1.01) P = 0.220 | 0.99 (0.97–1.01) P = 0.331 | 0.99 (0.97–1.02) P = 0.770 | 0.579 | |
| Cream | M | 1 (Ref) | 0.98 (0.96–1.01) P = 0.254 | 0.98 (0.96–1.01) P = 0.190 | 0.99 (0.96–1.01) P = 0.267 | 0.522 | 1 (Ref) | 0.98 (0.96–1.01) P = 0.322 | 0.98 (0.96–1.01) P = 0.252 | 0.99 (0.97–1.01) P = 0.436 | 0.657 |
| W | 1 (Ref) | 1.01 (0.98–1.02) P = 0.570 | 0.99 (0.97–1.02) P = 0.945 | 1.00 (0.98–1.02) P = 0.906 | 0.912 | 1 (Ref) | 1.01 (0.98–1.03) P = 0.464 | 1.00 (0.97–1.02) P = 0.872 | 1.01 (0.98–1.03) P = 0.580 | 0.846 | |
| Dairy products | M | 1 (Ref) | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.439 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.633 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) P = 0.318 | 0.191 | 1 (Ref) | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.273 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.163 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.985 | 0.280 |
| W | 1 (Ref) | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.159 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.520 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.132 | 0.376 | 1 (Ref) | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.215 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.289 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.097 | 0.366 | |
| Milk | M | 1 (Ref) | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.182 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.631 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.587 | 0.199 | 1 (Ref) | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.137 | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.287 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.866 | 0.323 |
| W | 1 (Ref) | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.658 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.558 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.937 | 0.803 | 1 (Ref) | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.708 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.712 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.831 | 0.897 | |
| Cheese | M | 1 (Ref) | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) P = 0.621 | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.761 | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) P = 0.239 | 0.362 | 1 (Ref) | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) P = 0.747 | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.511 | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) P = 0.484 | 0.450 |
| W | 1 (Ref) | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.099 | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.687 | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.104 | 0.225 | 1 (Ref) | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.215 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.877 | 0.99 (0.99–1.01) P = 0.476 | 0.496 | |
| Yogurt | M | 1 (Ref) | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.886 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.417 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.551 | 0.454 | 1 (Ref) | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.964 | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.141 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.917 | 0.297 |
| W | 1 (Ref) | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.571 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.772 | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.057 | 0.180 | 1 (Ref) | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.713 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.584 | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.050 | 0.199 | |
| Dough | M | 1 (Ref) | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.313 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.498 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.275 | 0.109 | 1 (Ref) | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) P = 0.204 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.963 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.708 | 0.296 |
| W | 1 (Ref) | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.118 | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.128 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.655 | 0.294 | 1 (Ref) | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.123 | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.055 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) P = 0.378 | 0.188 | |
| Curd | M | 1 (Ref) | 1.00 (0.97–1.02) P = 0.988 | 0.99 (0.96–1.01) P = 0.422 | 0.99 (0.97–1.01) P = 0.556 | 0.784 | 1 (Ref) | 0.99 (0.97–1.02) P = 0.876 | 0.98 (0.96–1.01) P = 0.277 | 0.99 (0.96–1.01) P = 0.375 | 0.612 |
| W | 1 (Ref) | 0.99 (0.98–1.01) P = 0.756 | 0.98 (0.96–1.00) P = 0.159 | 1.00 (0.98–1.02) P = 0.984 | 0.480 | 1 (Ref) | 0.99 (0.98–1.01) P = 0.744 | 0.98 (0.95–1.00) P = 0.057 | 0.99 (0.97–1.01) P = 0.576 | 0.236 | |
| Cream | M | 1 (Ref) | 0.98 (0.97–1.01) P = 0.329 | 0.96 (0.93–0.98) P = 0.005 | 0.97 (0.95–0.99) P = 0.031 | 0.017 | 1 (Ref) | 0.98 (0.96–1.01) P = 0.293 | 0.96 (0.94–0.98) P = 0.004 | 0.97 (0.95–0.99) P = 0.020 | 0.011 |
| W | 1 (Ref) | 1.01 (0.98–1.03) P = 0.372 | 1.01 (0.98–1.02) P = 0.960 | 1.01 (0.98–1.03) P = 0.602 | 0.813 | 1 (Ref) | 1.01 (0.98–1.04) P = 0.312 | 1.01 (0.98–1.03) P = 0.551 | 1.01 (0.98–1.03) P = 0.472 | 0.726 | |
W, women; M, men.
Odds ratio (95% CI) are from multiple logistic regression for being classified with an undesirable level of FLI, ALT, AST and GGT and increasing quintile groups (Q1–Q4) for intake of dairy products. Q1, lowest intake, is the reference category. Statistically significant p-values are in supers.
a
Multivariable-adjusted model adjusted for age (years), energy (kcals/day), physical activity (minutes/week), BMI (kg/m2), Vitamin D levels, Selenium levels, smoking status (yes, no), hypertension (yes, no), hypercholesterolemia (yes, no), and diabetes (yes, no), and for each relevant food items.