Figure 7.

(a) Green luminescent GQDs with diameters of 3.5 and 8.2 (±0.3) nm, respectively, were prepared electrochemically at 90 °C using LiClO₄, while similar particles with diameters of 23 (±2) nm were obtained at 30 °C under the same conditions. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [102]. Copyright 2012, Wiley Online Library. (b) A schematic diagram of the preparation of GQDs in strong and weak electrolyte solutions. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [106]. Copyright 2018, American Chemical Society. (c) The diagram of electrophoretic exfoliation to produce GQDs. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [107]. Copyright 2021, Elsevier.