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The mechanism of caspase-1 dependent and independent pathway. In the caspase-1-dependent pathway, DAMP and PAMP act by cleaving GSDMD, whilst GSDMD-NT directly mediates the pore formation of cell membranes. In the caspase-1-independent pathway, caspase-11/4/5 are activated by LPS released from Grams-negative bacteria to mediate pyroptosis. GSDMD-NT generated from this process can also boost NLRP3 inflammasome activation and further induction of pyroptosis.
