Table 4.
MicroRNA expression profiles in peripheral blood leukocytes in early stages of gestation in pregnancies destinated to develop GDM with respect to the treatment strategies and normal term pregnancies.
| Kruskal–Wallis Test Results GDM Managed by Diet Only (n = 101) vs. Normal Term Pregnancies (n = 80) GDM Managed by Diet and Therapy (n = 20) vs. Normal Term Pregnancies (n = 80) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| Median (IQR) | Mean (SD) | p-Value | |
| miR-1-3p | 0.141 (0.075–0.274) vs. 0.075 (0.033–0.198) 0.099 (0.071–0.175) vs. 0.075 (0.033–0.198) |
0.278 (0.568) vs. 0.176 (0.303) 0.162 (0.190) vs. 0.176 (0.303) |
p = 0.0045 * p = 1.000 |
| miR-16-5p | 1.216 (0.981–1. 785) vs. 1.411 (0.890–1.980) 1.268 (0.923–2.007) vs. 1.411 (0.890–1.980) |
1.469 (0.976) vs. 1.646 (1.129) 1.626 (1.019) vs. 1.646 (1.129) |
p = 1.000 p = 1.000 |
| miR-17-5p | 1.480 (1.166–2.267) vs. 1.384 (0.971–1.923) 1.893 (1.346–2.362) vs. 1.384 (0.971–1.923) |
1.950 (1.553) vs. 1.748 (1.312) 2.085 (0.996) vs. 1.748 (1.312) |
p = 0.3822 p = 0.1019 |
| miR-20a-5p | 2.144 (1.486–3.398) vs. 1.576 (0.991–2.413) 2.598 (1.787–3.384) vs. 1.576 (0.991–2.413) |
3.019 (3.220) vs. 1.909 (1.370) 3.130 (2.204) vs. 1.909 (1.370) |
p = 0.0015 **
p = 0.0098 * |
| miR-20b-5p | 2.577 (1.784–3.719) vs. 1.976 (1.111–2.675) 3.072 (2.085–5.484) vs. 1.976 (1.111–2.675) |
3.678 (4.112) vs. 2.377 (2.291) 3.850 (2.439) vs. 2.377 (2.291) |
p < 0.001 ***
p = 0.0054 ** |
| miR-21-5p | 0.339 (0.222–0.460) vs. 0.320 (0.167–0.538) 0.352 (0.260–0.464) vs. 0.320 (0.167–0.538) |
0.426 (0.436) vs. 0.394 (0.219) 0.472 (0.332) vs. 0.394 (0.219) |
p = 1.000 p = 0.4483 |
| miR-23a-3p | 0.229 (0.160–0.444) vs. 0.185 (0.103–0.376) 0.299 (0.219–0.344) vs. 0.185 (0.103–0.376) |
0.364 (0.346) vs. 0.296 (0.329) 0.383 (0.293) vs. 0.296 (0.329) |
p = 0.0627 p = 0.0371 |
| miR-24-3p | 0.292 (0.222–0.370) vs. 0.326 (0.196–0.468) 0.301 (0.241–0.377) vs. 0.326 (0.196–0.468) |
0.330 (0.206) vs. 0.384 (0.284) 0.339 (0.147) vs. 0.384 (0.284) |
p = 1.000 p = 1.000 |
| miR-26a-5p | 0.729 (0.497–0.938) vs. 0.633 (0.410–1.066) 0.658 (0.560–0.917) vs. 0.633 (0.410–1.066) |
0.841 (0.705) vs. 0.776 (0.521) 0.815 (0.462) vs. 0.776 (0.521) |
p = 0.9599 p = 1.000 |
| miR-29a-3p | 0.404 (0.276–0.571) vs. 0.372 (0.221–0.545) 0.435 (0.358–0.666) vs. 0.372 (0.221–0.545) |
0.486 (0.377) vs. 0.407 (0.245) 0.630 (0.471) vs. 0.407 (0.245) |
p = 0.5656 p = 0.1198 |
| miR-92a-3p | 2.171 (1.604–3.036) vs. 2.327 (1.188–3.743) 2.258 (1.603–3.681) vs. 2.327 (1.188–3.743) |
2.647 (2.217) vs. 2.807 (2.132) 2.979 (2.3086) vs. 2.807 (2.132) |
p = 1.000 p = 1.000 |
| miR-100-5p | 0.0024 (0.0013–0.0036) vs. 0.0013 (0.0006–0.0027) 0.0014 (0.0012–0.0037) vs. 0.0013 (0.0006–0.0027) |
0.0031 (0.0041) vs. 0.0018 (0.0016) 0.0028 (0.0025) vs. 0.0018 (0.0016) |
p = 0.0010 ** p = 0.2898 |
| miR-103a-3p | 1.531 (0.949–2.533) vs. 1.203 (0.815–2.425) 1.618 (1.234–2.554) vs. 1.203 (0.815–2.425) |
2.085 (2.294) vs. 1.770 (1.466) 2.304 (2.075) vs. 1.770 (1.466) |
p = 0.7368 p = 0.4354 |
| miR-125b-5p | 0.0041 (0.0026–0.0057) vs. 0.0030 (0.0016–0.0054) 0.0038 (0.0021–0.0055) vs. 0.0030 (0.0016–0.0054) |
0.0050 (0.0048) vs. 0.0036 (0.0027) 0.0045 (0.0029) vs. 0.0036 (0.0027) |
p = 0.0109 * p = 0.4855 |
| miR-126-3p | 0.332 (0.219–0.500) vs. 0.272 (0.140–0.432) 0.324 (0.280–0.546) vs. 0.272 (0.140–0.432) |
0.470 (0.595) vs. 0.336 (0.270) 0.418 (0.228) vs. 0.336 (0.270) |
p = 0.0842 p = 0.1516 |
| miR-130b-3p | 0.707 (0.453–1.315) vs. 0.702 (0.407–1.157) 1.087 (0.577–1.481) vs. 0.702 (0.407–1.157) |
1.051 (0.995) vs. 1.163 (2.425) 1.194 (0.769) vs. 1.163 (2.425) |
p = 1.000 p = 0.1983 |
| miR-133a-3p | 0.118 (0.066–0.228) vs. 0.110 (0.550–0.233) 0.071 (0.055–0.105) vs. 0.110 (0.550–0.233) |
0.209 (0.283) vs. 0.232 (0.483) 0.113 (0.109) vs. 0.232 (0.483) |
p = 1.000 p = 0.4015 |
| miR-143-3p | 0.048 (0.029–0.087) vs. 0.038 (0.016–0.089) 0.049 (0.033–0.090) vs. 0.038 (0.016–0.089) |
0.072 (0.088) vs. 0.058 (0.057) 0.078 (0.077) vs. 0.058 (0.057) |
p = 0.1327 p = 0.2766 |
| miR-145-5p | 0.176 (0.122–0.235) vs. 0.161 (0.980–0.243) 0.171 (0.131–0.242) vs. 0.161 (0.980–0.243) |
0.210 (0.162) vs. 0.195 (0.143) 0.200 (0.100) vs. 0.195 (0.143) |
p = 0.6997 p = 1.000 |
| miR-146a-5p | 1.116 (0.800–1.798) vs. 1.225 (0.578–1.765) 1.451 (1.167–2.129) vs. 1.225 (0.578–1.765) |
1.634 (1.621) vs. 1.388 (1.096) 1.780 (1.068) vs. 1.388 (1.096) |
p = 0.8676 p = 0.1619 |
| miR-155-5p | 0.624 (0.432–0.820) vs. 0.607 (0.361–1.614) 0.566 (0.448–0.695) vs. 0.607 (0.361–1.614) |
0.701 (0.516) vs. 1.247 (1.439) 0.710 (0.573) vs. 1.247 (1.439) |
p = 1.000 p = 1.000 |
| miR-181a-5p | 0.246 (0.175–0.375) vs. 0.181 (0.141–0.330) 0.260 (0.190–0.393) vs. 0.181 (0.141–0.330) |
0.331 (0.336) vs. 0.246 (0.184) 0.326 (0.208) vs. 0.246 (0.184) |
p = 0.0399 p = 0.1367 |
| miR-195-5p | 0.269 (0.154–0.487) vs. 0.106 (0.048–0.271) 0.246 (0.210–0.522) vs. 0.106 (0.048–0.271) |
0.460 (0.707) vs. 0.227 (0.364) 0.520 (0.609) vs. 0.227 (0.364) |
p < 0.001 ***
p < 0.001 *** |
| miR-199a-5p | 0.073 (0.033–0.139) vs. 0.058 (0.023–0.111) 0.088 (0.052–0.163) vs. 0.058 (0.023–0.111) |
0.134 (0.233) vs. 0.096 (0.131) 0.148 (0.165) vs. 0.096 (0.131) |
p = 0.1575 p = 0.1701 |
| miR-210-3p | 0.102 (0.074–0.154) vs. 0.138 (0.075–0.224) 0.099 (0.075–0.155) vs. 0.138 (0.075–0.224) |
0.134 (0.109) vs. 0.186 (0.180) 0.131 (0.080) vs. 0.186 (0.180) |
p = 0.2982 p = 1.000 |
| miR-221-3p | 0.644 (0.448–0.948) vs. 0.548 (0.293–0.906) 0.616 (0.459–1.032) vs. 0.548 (0.293–0.906) |
0.819 (0.776) vs. 0.693 (0.561) 0.796 (0.503) vs. 0.693 (0.561) |
p = 0.3698 p = 0.7241 |
| miR-342-3p | 3.093 (2.070–3.955) vs. 2.542 (1.551–4.206) 2.884 (2.159–4.844) vs. 2.542 (1.551–4.206) |
3.555 (2.756) vs. 3.307 (2.383) 3.858 (2.610) vs. 3.307 (2.383) |
p = 0.6912 p = 1.000 |
| miR-499a-5p | 0.459 (0.218–0.881) vs. 0.269 (0.089–0.587) 0.472 (0.285–0.611) vs. 0.269 (0.089–0.587) |
0.771 (1.104) vs. 0.477 (0.566) 0.692 (0.902) vs. 0.477 (0.566) |
p= 0.0043 * p = 0.1765 |
| miR-574-3p | 0.275 (0.182–0.392) vs. 0.181 (0.117–0.292) 0.279 (0.178–0.485) vs. 0.181 (0.117–0.292) |
0.350 (0.339) vs. 0.222 (0.156) 0.375 (0.301) vs. 0.222 (0.156) |
p < 0.001 *** p = 0.0356 |
MicroRNA gene expression is compared between individual groups using Kruskal–Wallis test. Statistically significant results are marked in bold. Median (interquartile range, IQR) and mean (standard deviation, SD) values of relative fold gene expression of samples (2−∆∆Ct) are presented. Statistical significant data after Benjamini–Hochberg correction are marked by * for α = 0.05, ** for α = 0.01, and *** for α = 0.001.