Table 3.

Cancer-related molecular targets of EGCG (in vivo studies).

Type of Cancer	Study Model	Mechanism Involved	Reference
Pancreatic cancer	Balb/c mice	Inhibited tumor growth with ↓p-ERK, p-PI3K, p-AKT, and pFKHRL1/FOXO3a,	[70]
Hepatocellular carcinoma	Rats	↑DNA breakage; pro-oxidant effect	[54]
Breast cancer	Balb/c mice	↓VEGF	[71]
Colon cancer	BALB/c mice	↓HES1 and Notch2 induced the apoptosis	[72]
Skin cancer	ICR mice	↓TPA--induced DNA binding of NF--κB and CREB	[73]
Lung cancer	Mice	↓CSC-like characteristics by modulating the hsa-mir-485-5p/RXRα axis	[74]
Esophageal carcinoma	BALB/c mice	Induced apoptosis and ↑ROS generation, ↓VEGF; ↑caspase-3	[75]

Abbreviations used: CREB, cyclic AMP response element-binding protein; CSC, cancer stem cell; HES1, Hes Family BHLH Transcription Factor 1; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; (NF-kB), nuclear factor kappa-B. (↓) down/(↑) up regulation.