Table 2.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) detection in OLP patients.
| Reference (First Author + Year) |
Detection of HPV-DNA in Specimens of Oral Lichen Planus (%) | Technique | HPV Probe Used | Specimens Positive for Each Genotype * (n°) | Clinical Features | Malignant Transformation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Syrjänen 1986 [22] |
2/2 (100) | ISH | 6, 11, 16 | 11 (1); 16 (1) | ||
| Maitland 1987 [23] |
7/8 (87.5) | SBH | 1, 2, 4, 6, 11, 13, 16, 18 | 16 (6); 1 more specimen was positive for HPV but not for the tested specific primers | Reticular keratosic form | |
| Jontell 1990 [24] |
6/20 (30) | SBH | 6, 11, 16, 18 | 11 (6) | Atrophic form with no or mild dysplasia | |
| Jontell 1990 [24] |
13/20 (65) | PCR | 6, 11, 16, 18 | 6 (5); 11 (8); 16 (3) | Atrophic form with no or mild dysplasia |
|
| Kashima 1990 [25] |
0/22 (0) | ISH | 6, 11, 16, 18, 31 | NA | HPV positive OLPs were not classified as erosive form (NS) | |
| Kashima 1990 [25] |
4/22 (18.1) | PAP | 6, 11, 16, 18, 31 | NA | HPV positive OLPs were not classified as erosive form (NS) | |
| Young 1991 [26] |
0/6 (0) | ISH | 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35 | NA | ||
| Miller 1993 [27] |
0/10 (0) | ISH | 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 42, 43, 44, 45, 51, 52, 56 | NA | ||
| Cox 1993 [28] |
3/4 (75) | SBH | 16 | 16 (3) | ||
| Wen 1997 [29] |
2/9 (22.2) | PCR, SBH | 16, 18 | 16 (1); 18 (1) | ||
| González-Moles 1998 [30] |
2/17 (11.8) | PCR | 16 | 16 (2) | 2 HPV16+ specimens were erosive OLP type | |
| Sand 2000 [31] |
6/22 (27.3) | PCR, SBH | 6, 11, 16, 18 | 18 (5); 1 more specimen was positive for HPV but not for the tested primers | No correlation between the type of OLP and HPV positivity was found | |
| Yaltirik 2001 [32] | 0/2 (0) | ISH | 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 51 | NA | ||
| Giovannelli 2002 [33] | 9/34 (26.4) | PCR | 6, 16, 18, 31, 33 | NA | ||
| Ostwald 2003 [34] | 10/65 (15.4) | PCR, SBH | 6, 11, 16, 18 | 6 (6); 11 (6); 16 (2); 18 (5) | ||
| ÓFlatharta 2003 [35] |
20/38 (52.6) | PCR, SBH | 4, 8, 14, 16, 20, 23, 37, 38 | 4 (1); 8 (2); 14 (1); 16 (11); 20 (1); 23 (1); 37 (1); 38 (7) | ||
| Campisi 2004 [36] | 14/71 (19.7) | PCR | 6, 16, 18, 31 | 6 (1); 16 (2); 18 (10); 31 (1) | 9 out of 14 HPV positive OLPs were clinically identified as atrophic/erosive variant, and 5 as non-atrophic/erosive variant | |
| Giovannelli 2006 [37] | 13/49 (26.5) | PCR | 6, 16, 18, 33, 53 | NA | No association was found between type of lesion and site keratinization | |
| Zarei 2007 [38] | 2/15 (13.3) | PCR | 6, 11, 16, 18 | 6 (2) | ||
| Debanth 2009 [39] | NA | NAH | 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 68 | NA | ||
| Razavi 2009 [40] | 9/29 (31) | PCR | 18 | 18 (9) | ||
| Yildirim 2011 [12] | 14/65 (21.5) | ABC | 16 | 16 (14) | 2 erosive, 5 plaque, and 7 reticular types of OLP | |
| Mattila 2012 [41] | 13/82 (15.9) | PCR | 6, 11, 16, 18, 26, 31, 33, 35, 39, 42, 43, 44, 45, 51, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68, 70, 73, 82 | 6 (1); 11 (3); 16 (7); 31 (1); 33 (1); 58 (1); 66 (1) | Five patients with atrophic OLP developed invasive OSCC during the follow-up; LR-HPV was detected in two samples: one had HPV6 and the other HPV11 |
|
| Arirachakaran 2013 [42] | 1/37 (2.7) | PCR | 6, 11, 16, 18, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 39, 40, 42, 44, 51, 52, 53, 55, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68, 70, 71, 73, 74, 81, 82, 85, 90, 91 | 16 (1) | The only HPV-DNA positive sample came from an atrophic-type OLP lesion |
|
| Kato 2015 [43] | 83/200 (41.5) | PCR, ISH, IHC | 1, 6, 11, 16, 18, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 45, 51, 52, 54, 56, 58, 61, 66, 81 | 6 (11); 11 (13); 16 (51); 18 (47); 33 (7) | HPV16 positive rates according to OLP clinical type were 28.3% (13/46), 18.6% (8/43), 25.9% (7/27), and 0.0% (0/6) for erosive, reticular, plaque-type, and atrophic |
|
| Pol 2015 [44] | 21/30 (70) | IHC | 16 | 16 (21) | All cases of OLP were of the reticular form | |
| Sahebjamiee 2015 [45] | 11/40 (27.5) | PCR | 16, 18 | 16 (5); 18 (3); 3 more specimens were positive for HPV but not for the tested-specific primers | ||
| Viguier 2015 [46] | 3/6 (50) | PCR | 16 | 16 (2); 1 more specimen was positive for HPV but not for the tested-specific primers | All cases of OLP were of the severe erosive form | |
| Liu 2018 [47] | 33/46 (71.7) | IHC, OD | 16, 18 | NA | MT-OLP showed significantly higher infection by HPV16/18(E6) than OLP (p < 0.05). HPV infection rates in normal mucosa, OLP, and MT-OLP were 62.50%, 67.50%, and 100.00%, respectively |
|
| Zendeli-Bedjeti 2017 [48] | 7/31 (22.6) | PCR | 16, 18, 31, 56 | 56 (4); 16 (3) | ||
| Gomez-Armayones 2018 [49] | 1/41 (2.4) | IHC, PCR, OD | 16, 18 | 16 (1) | ||
| Sameera 2019 [50] | 13/15 (86.6) | PCR | 18 | 18 (13) | Non-atrophic (8/13) and atrophic (5/13) HPV18+ OLP type | |
| Farhadi 2020 [51] | 8/32 (25) | PCR | 7, 18 | 7 (7); 18 (1) | The 8/32 OLP samples that were HPV positive presented erosive features | |
| Kaewmaneenuan 2021 [52] | 11/59 (18.6) | PCR | 16, 18 | 16 (1); 18 (10) | 11/59 OLP samples that tested positive for HPV were atrophic/ulcerative type | |
| Della Vella 2021 [53] | 9/52 (17.3) | PCR | 6, 8, 11, 16, 18, 26, 31, 33, 35, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 45, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 58, 59, 61, 66, 68, 69, 70, 73 | 6 (5); 11(3); 16(1); 42 (2); 53 (1) | 8 out of 43 hyperkeratotic OLP type were HPV+; 1 out of 9 erosive OLP type was HPV+ (9 out of 52) |
ISH = in situ hybridization; SBH = Southern blot hybridization; PCR = polymerase chain reaction; NAH = nucleic acid hybridization; IHC = immunohistochemistry; ABC = avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex; PAP = peroxidase-antiperoxidase; OD = optometric density; NA = not available. * In parenthesis is the number of positive specimens for that genotype.