Table 4.
CSF levels of AD-related biomarkers (i.e., Aβ 42, pTau, tTau, Aβ 42/40, Aβ 42/pTau and Aβ 42/tTau) and biomarkers related to synaptic dysfunction (i.e., neurogranin, α-synuclein, Aβ 42/neurogranin and Aβ 42/α-synuclein) in AD subgroups (i.e., MCI, mild AD and moderate AD).
| Variables | MCI (n = 28) |
Mild AD (n = 14) |
Moderate AD (n = 27) |
Size Effect (η2) |
p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aβ 42 (pg/mL) | 677 (495–971) | 599 (421–725) | 521 (413–674) | 0.041 | 0.093 |
| Aβ 42/40 Ratio | 0.060 (0.043–0.102) | 0.044 (0.036–0.059) | 0.046 (0.038–0.052) | 0.100 | 0.014 * |
| pTau (pg/mL) | 65.0 (32.4–88.0) | 79.2 (44.8–121.7) | 95.8 (65.1–154.6) | 0.080 | 0.026 * |
| tTau (pg/mL) | 550 (284–645) | 541 (412–810) | 678 (495–896) | 0.053 | 0.065 |
| Neurogranin (pg/mL) | 338 (235–492) | 417 (217–526) | 388 (260–526) | 0.000 | 0.852 |
| α-Synuclein (pg/mL) | 2754 (2135–3143) | 3082 (2266–3883) | 2556 (2377–3124) | 0.000 | 0.434 |
| Aβ 42/Neurogranin | 2.055 (1.015–3.639) | 1.221 (0.838–2.522) | 0.865 (0.400–1.578) | 0.126 | 0.006 * |
| Aβ 42/α-Synuclein | 0.313 (0.187–0.423) | 0.162 (0.144–0.280) | 0.202 (0.141–0.249) | 0.051 | 0.068 |
Data are expressed as medians with interquartile ranges (IQRs) and were analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA on ranks with the post hoc Dunn’s method, also considering the size effect (η2). Statistically significant p-values (p < 0.05) are indicated with bold font. * Post hoc Dunn’s method: MCI vs. moderate AD.