Bio-MnO2 NPs eliminated H2O2 and enhanced reactive oxide species (ROS) production in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. (a) Cell viabilities of A549, PC9 and H520 cells treated with different concentrations of Bio-MnO2 NPs for 24 h. (b) Uptake of Cy3 labelled Bio-MnO2 NPs at different time intervals (1 h, 2 h, 4 h). Scale bar, 30 μm. (c) Relative intracellular H2O2 content after incubation with Bio-MnO2 NPs (25 μg/mL) for 4 h with or without irradiation (IR) (8 Gy). (d) Flow cytometry of ROS probe in NSCLC cells after different treatments as above. (e) Representative DCF staining images of NSCLC cells. Scale bar, 100 μm. The combination of Bio-MnO2 NPs and IR significantly enhanced ROS production than individual treatment. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ****, p < 0.0001.