Table 7.

Conditions in which an increase in HbF not ascribable to gamma globin defects can be detected.

Congenital or acquired anemias from primitive bone marrow failure with or without displasia	Neoplasias	Conditions associated with specific therapeutic treatments	Other conditions
Congenital or acquired aplastic anemia	Hepatocarcinoma	Chemotherapies for leukemias	Monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance
Megaloblastic anemia from vitamin deficiency	Myeloid acute leukemias	Therapy with hydroxyurea, butyrates and erythropoiesis-stimulating agents	Pregnancy
Diamond-Blackfan anemia	Primitive myelofibrosis		Chronic renal insufficiency
Some forms of normoblastic anemia	Juvenile chronic myelomonocytic leukemia		Hyperthyroidism
Congenital sideroblastic anemias			Trisomy 13
Acquired sideroblastic anemias
Nocturnal paroxysmal hemoglobinuria