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Method for determining the three-dimensional (3D) gap area. (a) The surface on the edge of each fracture fragment (e.g., fracture line) is marked (top) and the contours of the surface are converted to curves (red, bottom). (b) The curves are cut so that only the fracture lines remain. (c) The fracture lines are connected to generate an enclosed curve. (d) A three-dimensional surface, the 3D gap area, is generated based on the closed curve of the fracture lines (orange).
