Table 3.
Construct validity of the COVID-19 Pandemic Fatigue Scale (CPFS) in the COVID-19 Snapshot Monitoring (COSMO)-Spain study, November 2020.
| Variables | Number of participants, n | CPFS scores, mean (SD) | P valuea | Correlation with total CPFSb | P value | |
| Sex | ||||||
|
|
Men | 509 | 16.59 (4.75) | .003 | —c | — |
|
|
Women | 509 | 17.53 (5.28) | — | — | |
| Age (years)d | — | — | — | –0.20 | <.001 | |
| Age group (years) | ||||||
|
|
18-29 | 177 | 18.90 (5.07) | <.001 | — | — |
|
|
30-44 | 301 | 17.32 (4.93) | — | — | |
|
|
45-60 | 336 | 16.51 (5.21) | — | — | |
|
|
≥61 | 204 | 15.99 (4.42) | — | — | |
| Education level | ||||||
|
|
Primary or less | 78 | 17.67 (5.53) | .47 | — | — |
|
|
Secondary | 501 | 16.92 (4.97) | — | — | |
|
|
University | 439 | 17.10 (5.04) | — | — | |
| COVID-19 infection (past or present) | ||||||
|
|
Yes | 69 | 17.45 (4.72) | .40 | — | — |
|
|
No | 949 | 17.03 (5.07) | — | — | |
| Number of preventive behaviorsd | — | — | — | –0.16 | <.001 | |
| Type of preventive behaviors | ||||||
|
|
Use of face masksd | — | — | — | –0.12 | <.001 |
|
|
Hygienic behaviord | — | — | — | –0.13 | <.001 |
|
|
Physical distancingd | — | — | — | –0.12 | <.001 |
| Information-seeking behavior | ||||||
|
|
Never (1-2) | 270 | 18.53 (5.08) | <.001 | — | — |
|
|
Occasionally (3) | 402 | 16.67 (4.45) | — | — | |
|
|
Several times a day (4-5) | 346 | 16.35 (5.43) | — | — | |
| Perceived self-efficacy: for me, avoiding an infection with coronavirus/COVID-19 is...? | ||||||
|
|
Very difficult/difficult (1-2) | 246 | 17.52 (5.22) | .19 | — | — |
|
|
Neutral (3) | 528 | 17.01 (4.72) | — | — | |
|
|
Easy/very easy (4-5) | 244 | 16.70 (5.50) | — | — | |
| General level of worry | ||||||
|
|
Not worry at all (1-2) | 116 | 18.81 (5.56) | <.001 | — | — |
|
|
Moderate (3) | 301 | 17.55 (4.66) | — | — | |
|
|
Worry a lot (4-5) | 601 | 16.47 (5.02) | — | — | |
| Cognitive risk perceptiond | — | — | — | –0.01 | .85 | |
| Perceived probability of getting infected with coronavirus/COVID-19 | ||||||
|
|
Very unlikely/unlikely (1-2) | 268 | 17.24 (5.29) | .03 | — | — |
|
|
Neutral (3) | 487 | 16.65 (4.63) | — | — | |
|
|
Likely/very likely (4-5) | 263 | 17.62 (5.46) | — | — | |
| How severe would contracting the coronavirus/ COVID-19 be for you | ||||||
|
|
Very mild/mild (1-2) | 176 | 17.59 (5.67) | .03 | — | — |
|
|
Normal (3) | 480 | 17.28 (4.50) | — | — | |
|
|
Severe/very severe (4-5) | 362 | 16.51 (5.35) | — | — | |
| Affective risk perceptiond | — | — | — | 0.07 | .03 | |
| The coronavirus/COVID-19 to me feels… | ||||||
|
|
It is spreading slowly (1-2) | 31 | 19.58 (6.37) | .01 | — | — |
|
|
Neutral (3) | 185 | 17.36 (4.55) | — | — | |
|
|
It is spreading fast (4-5) | 802 | 16.89 (5.07) | — | — | |
| The coronavirus/ COVID-19 to me feels… | ||||||
|
|
Not fear-inducing (1-2) | 265 | 17.02 (5.40) | .96 | — | — |
|
|
Neutral (3) | 344 | 17.12 (4.61) | — | — | |
|
|
Fear-inducing (4-5) | 409 | 17.03 (5.16) | — | — | |
| The coronavirus/ COVID-19 to me feels… | ||||||
|
|
It does not affect my mood (1-2) | 275 | 15.97 (4.94) | <.001 | — | — |
|
|
Neutral (3) | 319 | 16.76 (4.60) | — | — | |
|
|
Depressed (4-5) | 424 | 17.99 (5.26) | — | — | |
aStudent t and ANOVA tests with Bonferroni correction.
bPearson correlation coefficients for continuous variables.
cNot applicable.
dContinuous variable.