Table 2.
Bile acid concentrations before and after an 8-week period of consumption of freeze-dried blueberry powder.
| Before (Baseline) | After (Week 8) | Mean Diff. | Adjusted p Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bile Acids | Mean | SEM | Mean | SEM | ||
| CA | 0.1887 | ±0.0734 | 0.2732 | ±0.1672 | 0.0844 | >0.999 |
| CDCA | 0.0967 | ±0.0278 | 0.1296 | ±0.0673 | 0.0328 | >0.999 |
| DCA | 2.9097 | ±0.3159 | 2.1280 | ±0.2336 | −0.7817 | 0.103 |
| LCA | 2.5275 | ±0.2297 | 1.9844 | ±0.1574 | −0.5431 | 0.103 |
| HDCA | 0.0087 | ±0.0011 | 0.0064 | ±0.0008 | −0.0023 | 0.375 |
| HCA | 0.0023 | ±0.0007 | 0.0019 | ±0.0006 | −0.0005 | >0.999 |
| UDCA | 0.0323 | ±0.0093 | 0.0518 | ±0.0192 | 0.0195 | >0.999 |
| GCA | 0.0159 | ±0.0076 | 0.0279 | ±0.0090 | 0.0120 | 0.115 |
| GCDCA | 0.0102 | ±0.0032 | 0.0170 | ±0.0043 | 0.0068 | 0.010 |
| GDCA | 0.0132 | ±0.0031 | 0.0145 | ±0.0018 | 0.0013 | >0.999 |
| GLCA | 0.0003 | ±0.0001 | 0.0003 | ±0.0000 | −0.0001 | >0.999 |
| GUDCA | 0.0010 | ±0.0002 | 0.0017 | ±0.0004 | 0.0008 | 0.011 |
| TCA | 0.0153 | ±0.0081 | 0.0212 | ±0.0098 | 0.0059 | >0.999 |
| TCDCA | 0.0073 | ±0.0030 | 0.0188 | ±0.0095 | 0.0115 | >0.999 |
| TDCA | 0.0306 | ±0.0117 | 0.0203 | ±0.0065 | −0.0103 | >0.999 |
| TLCA | 0.0015 | ±0.0007 | 0.0011 | ±0.0004 | −0.0004 | >0.999 |
| TUDCA | 0.0007 | ±0.0004 | 0.0014 | ±0.0008 | 0.0007 | >0.999 |
| TOTAL BA | 6.0068 | ±0.5721 | 4.8358 | ±0.4598 | −1.1710 | 0.517 |
| Unconjugated | 5.7660 | ±0.5556 | 4.5752 | ±0.4564 | −1.1908 | 0.393 |
| Taurine-conjugated | 0.0554 | ±0.0228 | 0.0628 | ±0.0231 | 0.0074 | >0.999 |
| Glycine-conjugated | 0.0406 | ±0.0139 | 0.0614 | ±0.0141 | 0.0208 | 0.045 |
| Primary | 0.3343 | ±0.1075 | 0.4877 | ±0.2482 | 0.1534 | >0.999 |
| Secondary | 5.4828 | ±0.5251 | 4.1486 | ±0.3707 | −1.3343 | 0.030 |
| 6α-hydroxylated | 0.0110 | ±0.0015 | 0.0083 | ±0.0008 | −0.0027 | 0.940 |
| Total CA | 0.2200 | ±0.0820 | 0.3223 | ±0.1735 | 0.1023 | >0.999 |
| Total CDCA | 0.1144 | ±0.0299 | 0.1659 | ±0.0760 | 0.0515 | >0.999 |
| Total DCA | 2.9536 | ±0.3213 | 2.1632 | ±0.2368 | −0.7905 | 0.115 |
| Total LCA | 2.5294 | ±0.2299 | 1.9859 | ±0.1574 | −0.5435 | 0.103 |
| Total HDCA | 0.0087 | ±0.0011 | 0.0065 | ±0.0008 | −0.0023 | 0.414 |
| Total HCA | 0.0023 | ±0.0007 | 0.0019 | ±0.0006 | −0.0004 | >0.999 |
Values are presented as mean concentration (nmol/mg of feces) of the 24 pre- and postdiet samples ± SEM (standard error of the mean). Mean Diff., the difference between pre- vs. post-treatment were calculated for each of the participants (11 men and 13 women), and values represent the mean ± SEM. p-values were calculated using Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test adjusted for multiple comparisons using the Bonferroni–Dunn method. Bold: p < 0.05. Bile acid composition analyses were performed as detailed in the materials and method section. CA: cholic acid; CDCA: chenodeoxycholic acid; LCA: lithocholic acid; DCA: deoxycholic acid; HDCA: hyodeoxycholic acid; HCA: hyocholic acid; UDCA: Ursodeoxycholic acid. G: glyco; T: tauro.