| AP-1 | Activating protein-1 |
| 5-Fu | 5-Fluorouracil |
| G6Pase | Glucose-6-Phosphatase |
| GS | Glycogen Synthase |
| IC50 | Half-inhibitory concentration |
| MCP-1 | Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 |
| MIC | Minimum inhibitory concentration |
| NF-κB | Nuclear factor-κB |
| Nrf2 | Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 |
| NO | Nitric oxide |
| PARP | Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase |
| PPA | Polyphosphoric acid |
| PPAR | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| TAK1 | Transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 |
| TNF-α | Tumor necrosis factor-α |
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