Figure 1.

Effects of betaine treatment on tomato seed morphology under low-temperature stress. (A) Phenotypes of different treatments at 2, 4, 6, and 8 days. (B) Different treatments in seven root lengths. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the 0.05 probability level (p < 0.05). The vertical bar represents the mean ± standard error of six repeated calculations. NB: seed germination under monohydrate treatment at room temperature; CS: germination of seeds pretreated with just water under 14 °C cold stress; CB: germination of seeds pretreated in 10 mmol/L of GB under 14 °C cold stress.