| Cma | Molar concentration of acid in the aqueous phase (mol.L−1) |
| Cma0 | Initial molar concentration of acid in the aqueous phase (mol.L−1) |
| Cma,org | Molar concentration of acid in the organic phase (mol.L−1) |
| CTOA,org | Molar concentration of amine in the organic phase (mol.L−1) |
| D | Distribution coefficient |
| DMP | Dimethyl phthalate |
| E | Extraction efficiency |
| MA | Mandelic acid |
| MIBK | Methyl isobutyl ketone |
| TBA | Tri-n-butylamine |
| TBP | Tri-n-butyl phosphate |
| TOA | Tri-n-octylamine |
| TOPO | Tri-n-octyl phosphine oxide |
| TPA | Tri-n-propylamine |
| Z | Loading factor |
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