Table 3.
Mean values of body composition and blood parameters by intervention and control group: before, after, and mean differences over time between both groups (n = 47).
| Chicken-Based Diet Group n = 47 |
Pirenaica Breed-Based Diet Group n = 47 |
Mean Differences between Beginning and End between Both Groups n = 47 |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before | After | F | p 1 | Before | After | F | p 1 | Mean Differences | 95% IC | F | p 2 | |
| Body Composition | ||||||||||||
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 23.3 ± 3.45 | 23.35 ± 3.27 | 0.278 | 0.600 | 23.4 ± 3.40 | 23.3 ± 3.32 | 2.011 | 0.163 | 0.19 | −0.16; 0.55 | 1.170 | 0.285 |
| Fat mass index (kg/m2) | 15.1 ± 6.46 | 14.9 ± 6.34 | 0.073 | 0.788 | 15.2 ± 6.51 | 14.8 ± 6.20 | 2.924 | 0.094 | 0.22 | −0.19; 0.63 | 1.143 | 0.291 |
| Waist Circumference (cm) | 76.4 ± 8.47 | 81.5 ± 36.28 | 0.998 | 0.323 | 76.9 ± 8.98 | 76.4 ± 8.27 | 3.492 | 0.068 | 5.71 | −4.58; 16.00 | 1.249 | 0.270 |
| Blood Samples | ||||||||||||
| Biochemistry | ||||||||||||
| GOT (U/L) | 25.3 ± 7.82 | 26.0 ± 7.23 | 0.333 | 0.567 | 27.2 ± 9.1 | 25.7 ± 6.6 | 0.979 | 0.328 | 2.23 | −1.65; 6.12 | 1.341 | 0.253 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 75.1 ± 38.77 | 79.7 ± 32.08 | 1.833 | 0.182 | 70.3 ± 26.28 | 81.3 ± 37.01 | 7.915 | 0.007 | −6.09 | −17.39; 5.22 | 1.176 | 0.284 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 56.9 ± 14.66 | 56.5 ± 13.83 | 0.110 | 0.741 | 56.9 ± 15.19 | 57.1 ± 14.51 | 0.016 | 0.901 | −0.57 | −4.38; 3.24 | 0.090 | 0.765 |
| Total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol | 2.7 ± 0.70 | 2.8 ± 0.74 | 2.640 | 0.111 | 2.8 ± 0.79 | 2.8 ± 0.77 | 0.633 | 0.430 | 0.04 | 0.14; 0.21 | 0.177 | 0.676 |
| Iron metabolism | ||||||||||||
| Iron (μg/dL) (n = 46) | 101.1 ± 39.6 | 97.3 ± 34.02 | 0.363 | 0.550 | 112.6 ± 44.09 | 99.0 ± 33.78 | 3.363 | 0.073 | −4.81 | −18.16; 8.53 | 0.970 | 0.330 |
| Transferrin Saturation Index (%) | 30.6 ± 11.33 | 28.87 ± 9.93 | 0.945 | 0.336 | 35.5 ± 14.39 | 29.6 ± 11.2 | 6.826 | 0.012 | 4.15 | −1.18; 9.47 | 2.460 | 0.124 |
| Other minerals | ||||||||||||
| Zinc (μg/dL) | 89.4 ± 12.58 | 91.3 ± 12.57 | 1.994 | 0.165 | 91.1 ± 12.71 | 96.1 ± 22.31 | 3.017 | 0.089 | −3.17 | −8.93; 2.59 | 1.229 | 0.274 |
| Other variables | ||||||||||||
| Apolipoprotein A1 (mg/dL) | 161.6 ± 25.86 | 157.5 ± 21.31 | 2.427 | 0.126 | 160.1 ± 23.86 | 158.8 ± 25.42 | 0.239 | 0.627 | −2.68 | −9.75; 4.38 | 0.585 | 0.448 |
| Fatty Acids profile | ||||||||||||
| Palmitic Acid (%) | 21.9 ± 2.80 | 22.3 ± 2.59 | 1.105 | 0.299 | 22.3 ± 2.34 | 22.2 ± 2.91 | 0.115 | 0.736 | 0.51 | −0.72; 1.73 | 0.692 | 0.410 |
| Stearic Acid (%) | 7.2 ± 1.00 | 7.4 ± 0.82 | 1.774 | 0.190 | 7.1 ± 1.02 | 7.2 ± 0.85 | 0.008 | 0.927 | 0.17 | −0.35; 0.69 | 0.437 | 0.512 |
| Oleic Acid (%) | 20.0 ± 4.15 | 19.8 ± 3.4 | 0.139 | 0.711 | 19.2 ± 3.04 | 20.3 ± 3.91 | 4.376 | 0.042 | −0.82 | −2.12; 0.49 | 1.603 | 0.213 |
| AA_W6 (%) | 7.3 ± 1.99 | 6.7 ± 1.83 | 11.198 | 0.002 | 7.3 ± 1.53 | 6.9 ± 1.49 | 4.142 | 0.048 | −0.20 | −0.76; 0.37 | 0.493 | 0.486 |
| EPA (%) | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.03 ± 0.19 | 1.704 | 0.199 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.04 ± 0.19 | 1.703 | 0.199 | 0.03 | −0.04; 0.09 | 0.789 | 0.379 |
| DHA (%) | 1.4 ± 0.83 | 1.7 ± 1.78 | 1.085 | 0.303 | 1.3 ± 0.96 | 1.3 ± 0.80 | 0.021 | 0.885 | 0.27 | −0.39; 0.93 | 0.681 | 0.414 |
| SFA (%) | 30.9 ± 2.91 | 31.6 ± 2.69 | 2.813 | 0.101 | 31.1 ± 2.17 | 30.9 ± 2.70 | 0.060 | 0.807 | 0.76 | −0.52; 2.03 | 1.434 | 0.238 |
| UFA (%) | 69.1 ± 2.91 | 68.4 ± 2.69 | 2.813 | 0.101 | 69.0 ± 2.17 | 69.1 ± 2.70 | 0.060 | 0.807 | −0.76 | −2.03; 0.52 | 1.434 | 0.238 |
| MUFA (%) | 21.0 ± 4.31 | 20.8 ± 3.55 | 0.212 | 0.647 | 20.0 ± 3.20 | 21.1 ± 3.85 | 4.131 | 0.048 | −0.84 | −2.13; 0.46 | 1.704 | 0.199 |
| DUFA (%) | 39.4 ± 5.13 | 39.1 ± 4.04 | 0.171 | 0.681 | 40.3 ± 4.43 | 39.8 ± 3.91 | 0.604 | 0.441 | −0.01 | −1.54; 1.51 | 0.000 | 0.985 |
| MUFA/DUFA (%) | 0.55 ± 0.17 | 0.54 ± 0.13 | 0.306 | 0.583 | 0.51 ± 0.13 | 0.54 ± 0.14 | 2.227 | 0.143 | −0.03 | −0.08; 0.02 | 1.113 | 0.298 |
| PUFA (%) | 48.0 ± 4.73 | 47.5 ± 3.68 | 0.743 | 0.394 | 48.9 ± 4.38 | 48.0 ± 4.00 | 1.676 | 0.202 | −0.02 | −0.06; 0.02 | 0.965 | 0.332 |
| MUFA/PUFA (%) | 0.45 ± 0.13 | 0.44 ± 0.11 | 0.118 | 0.733 | 0.42 ± 0.10 | 045 ± 0.12 | 2.906 | 0.095 | −0.02 | −0.06; 0.02 | 0.965 | 0.332 |
| PUFA n6 (%) | 45.7 ± 7.61 | 45.0 ± 7.12 | 1.533 | 0.223 | 47.6 ± 4.37 | 45.9 ± 7.23 | 2.641 | 0.111 | 0.83 | −1.80; 3.46 | 0.409 | 0.526 |
| PUFA n3 (%) | 1.37 ± 0.83 | 1.7 ± 1.79 | 1.043 | 0.243 | 1.3 ± 0.96 | 1.3 ± 0.82 | 0.003 | 0.959 | 0.30 | −0.36; 0.95 | 0.836 | 0.366 |
| PUFA > 18C n6 (%) | 7.3 ± 1.99 | 6.7 ± 1.83 | 11.198 | 0.002 | 7.3 ± 1.53 | 6.9 ± 1.49 | 4.142 | 0.048 | −0.20 | −0.76; 0.37 | 0.493 | 0.486 |
| PUFA > 18C n3 (%) | 1.4 ± 0.83 | 1.7 ± 1.79 | 1.403 | 0.243 | 1.3 ± 0.96 | 1.3 ± 0.82 | 0.003 | 0.959 | 0.30 | −0.36; 0.95 | 0.836 | 0.366 |
| SFA/MUFA (%) | 1.5 ± 0.43 | 1.6 ± 0.32 | 0.224 | 0.638 | 1.6 ± 0.29 | 1.5 ± 0.33 | 2.957 | 0.092 | 0.07 | −0.08; 0.21 | 0.982 | 0.328 |
Abbreviations: kg, kilograms; m2, squared meters; cm, centimeters; dL, deciliter; U, international units; L, liter; mg, milligrams; μg, micrograms; %, percentage; AA-W6, Arachidonic Acid; EPA, Eicosapentaenoic Acid: DHA, Docosahexaenoic Acid; SFA, saturated fatty acids; UFA, unsaturated fatty acids; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acids; DUFA, diunsaturated fatty acids; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids. Lipid number: Palmitic Acid, C16:0; Stearic Acid, C18:0); Oleic Acid, C18:1n9; AA_W6, C20:4n6; EPA, C20:5n3; DHA, C22:6n3; F, F statistic; IC, confidence interval. 1 Multivariate contrast between the beginning and the end of each corresponding food product (chicken or beef). 2 Multivariate contrast between the mean differences (final—beginning) of both food products (chicken or beef) periods.