Table 3.
Association between frailty status (combined prefrailty and frailty) stratified by DDS and all-cause mortality in 2005–2008 NAHSIT older adults (n = 329).
| Frailty Severity | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Robust | Prefrailty/Frailty | ||||
| DDS > 4 | DDS ≤ 4 | DDS > 4 | DDS ≤ 4 | p-Value | |
| All-cause mortality | |||||
| Deceased/survival | 44/79 | 31/37 | 39/43 | 34/22 | |
| Crude | 1.00 | 1.27 (0.80–2.02) | 1.50 (0.97–2.31) | 2.25 (1.44–3.53) | 0.004 |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 1.16 (0.72–1.85) | 1.35 (0.88–2.09) | 2.01 (1.26–3.19) | 0.024 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 1.05 (0.64–1.74) | 1.56 (0.99–2.47) | 1.79 (1.07–3.02) | 0.062 |
| Model 3 | 1.00 | 1.08 (0.54–2.19) | 1.30 (0.72–3.74) | 2.30 (1.11–4.75) | 0.118 |
Cox proportional hazards model was estimated for hazard ratios. Model 1: adjusted for age and sex. Model 2: adjusted additionally for education level, smoking status, alcohol consumption, monetary status, sleep status, cognitive function, supplement use, and the number of drug treatments that were being used. Model 3: Model 2 plus BMI.