Table 1.
Associations of pre-pregnancy BMI status with mothers’ sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics, and maternal outcomes.
| Parameters (n = 5133) | Pre-Pregnancy BMI Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Underweight and Normal Weight (77.6%) | Overweight and Obese (22.4%) | p-Value | |
| Age (years) | 37.4 ± 4.8 | 38.5 ± 5.0 | p = 0.0005 |
| Nationality (%) | p < 0.0001 | ||
| Greek | 3843 (95.5) | 1070 (92.9) | |
| Others | 138 (3.5) | 82 (7.1) | |
| BMI 2–5 years after delivery (kg/m2) | 22.1 ± 2.6 | 29.5 ± 4.4 | p < 0.0001 |
| BMI 2–5 years after delivery (%) | p < 0.0001 | ||
| Underweight | 193 (4.9) | 11 (0.9) | |
| Normal weight | 3270 (82.1) | 89 (7.7) | |
| Overweight | 475 (11.9) | 602 (52.3) | |
| Obese | 43 (1.1) | 450 (39.1) | |
| Education (years) | 15.2 ± 2.2 | 14.8 ± 2.4 | p = 0.0438 |
| Economic status (%) | p = 0.0001 | ||
| Low | 1783 (44.8) | 581 (50.4) | |
| Medium | 1814 (45.6) | 508 (44.1) | |
| High | 384 (9.6) | 63 (5.5) | |
| Smoking habits (%) | p = 0.0029 | ||
| Nonsmokers | 3000 (75.4) | 818 (71.0) | |
| Smokers | 981 (24.6) | 334 (29.0) | |
| Gestational weight gain (kg) | 13.7 ± 5.9 | 14.1 ± 6.7 | p = 0.0328 |
| Exclusive breastfeeding (%) | p < 0.0001 | ||
| No | 1849 (46.4) | 735 (63.8) | |
| Yes | 2132 (53.6) | 417 (36.2) | |
| Parity (%) | p = 0.0082 | ||
| Nulliparity | 2598 (65.3) | 703 (61.0) | |
| Multiparity | 1383 (34.7) | 449 (39.0) | |
| Preterm birth (<37th week, %) | p < 0.0001 | ||
| No | 2858 (71.8) | 726 (63.0) | |
| Yes | 1123 (28.2) | 426 (37.0) | |
| Gestational diabetes (%) | p = 0.0409 | ||
| No | 3822 (96.0) | 1090 (94.6) | |
| Yes | 159 (4.0) | 62 (5.4) | |
| Pregnancy-induced hypertension (%) | p = 0.0048 | ||
| No | 3799 (95.4) | 1121 (97.3) | |
| Yes | 182 (4.6) | 31 (2.7) | |
BMI, body mass index.