3D	Three-dimensional
BASFI	Bioluminescence assisted switching and fluorescence imaging
BioLeT	Bioluminescent enzyme-induced electron transfer
BLI	Bioluminescence imaging
BRET	Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer
CCNEs	Centers of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence
CNTs	Carbon nanotubes
CT	Computed tomography
CTLs	Cytotoxic T lymphocytes
DCM	Dicyanomethylene-4H-pyran
DCNPs	Down-conversion nanoparticles
E.C.	European Commission
EGFR	Epidermal growth factor receptor
EMA	European Medicines Agency
EPR	Enhanced permeation and retention
ErNPs	Erbium-based rare earth nanoparticles
ETPN	European Technology Platform on Nanomedicine
EUNCL	European Nanomedicine Characterization Laboratory
FA	Folic acid
FDA	Food and Drug Administration
FLECT	Fluorescence emission computed tomography
FR	Folate receptors
FUEL	Fluorescence by unbound excitation from luminescence
GBM	Glioblastoma multiforme
GMP	Good Manufacturing Practice
GNP	Gold nanoparticles
GSH	Glutathione
HiPCO	High-pressure carbon monoxide conversion
ICG	Indocyanine green
IGS	Image-guided surgery
IL-2	Interleukin-2
IVM	Intravital microscopy
LETH	Lysosome-enhanced Trojan horse
LSM	Light sheet microscopy
LV	Laser vaporization
MPI	Magnetic particle imaging
MPS	Mononuclear phagocyte system
MRI	Magnetic resonance imaging
MWCNTs	Multi-walled carbon nanotubes
NCI	National Cancer Institute
NCL	Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory
NIR	Near-infrared
NIST	National Institute of Standard and Technology
NMs	Nanomedicines
NP	Nanoparticle
NPs	Nanoparticles
PCA	Principal component analysis
PD-L1	Programmed death-ligand 1
Pdots	Polymer dots
PDT	Photodynamic therapy
PEG	Polyethylene glycol
PET	Positron emission tomography
PLGA	Polylactide-co-glycolic acid
PPV	Poly(p-phenylenevinylene)
PTT	Photothermal therapy
RE	Rare earth
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
SBR	Signal-to-background ratio
SDS	Sodium dodecyl sulfate
SLN	Sentinel lymph node
SPIM	Single plane illumination microscopy
SPIONs	Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles
SPNs	Semiconducting polymers nanoparticles
SWCNTs	Single-walled carbon nanotubes
TAB	Translation Advisory Board
T/NT	Tumor-to-normal tissue
QDs	Quantum dots