Table 2.
Comparison of parameters between CS group and non-CS group
| Parameters | CS group (n = 82) |
Non-CS group (n = 197) |
P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 51.7 ± 10.5 | 50.5 ± 8.1 | 0.351 |
| Gender (Male) | 44 (53.7) | 93 (47.2) | 0.359 |
| Smoking (n, %) | 25 (30.5) | 40 (20.3) | 0.087 |
| Diabetes (n, %) | 12 (14.6) | 23 (11.7) | 0.552 |
| Fusion level (n, %) | 0.452 | ||
| L3/4 | 2 (2.4%) | 6 (3.0%) | |
| L4/5 | 43 (52.4%) | 118 (59.9%) | |
| L5/S1 | 37 (45.1%) | 73 (37.1%) | |
| Follow-up (month) | 18 (14, 25) | 18 (15, 24) | 0.626 |
| Blood loss (ml) | 153.3 ± 46.7 | 149.2 ± 51.7 | 0.523 |
| Operation time (min) | 170.9 ± 31.4 | 177.4 ± 30.8 | 0.118 |
| Use of allograft (n, %) | 4 (4.8%) | 16 (8.1) | 0.339 |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 24.9 ± 1.8 | 24.3 ± 1.5 | 0.02 |
| BMD-l | −1.1 ± 0.8 | −0.2 ± 1.1 | < 0.01 |
| BMD-f | −2.0 (−2.3, − 1.3) | − 0.6 (− 1.3, 0.5) | < 0.01 |
| HUm | 116.1 ± 16.6 | 146.0 ± 18.7 | < 0.01 |
| HU1 | 121.2 ± 17.3 | 149.7 ± 20.7 | < 0.01 |
| HU2 | 114.7 ± 17.3 | 143.5 ± 19.9 | < 0.01 |
| HU3 | 114.7 ± 19.1 | 145.3 ± 19.3 | < 0.01 |
| HU4 | 113.9 ± 18.2 | 145.8 ± 20.2 | < 0.01 |
| Cage height (mm) | 0.534 | ||
| 8 | 14 (17.1%) | 30 (15.2%) | |
| 10 | 56 (68.3%) | 127 (64.5%) | |
| 12 | 12 (14.6%) | 40 (20.3%) | |
| Preoperative Disc height (mm) | 9.4 ± 0.8 | 9.6 ± 0.9 | 0.03 |
| Postoperative Disc height (mm) | 12.7 ± 0.9 | 12.6 ± 0.8 | 0.09 |
| Follow-up Disc height (mm) | 10.8 ± 0.8 | 11.4 ± 0.9 | < 0.01 |
| Modified Taillard index (%) | 31.0 ± 4.9 | 32.5 ± 5.1 | 0.02 |
| Fusion rate | 85.4% | 92.4% | 0.07 |
| Preoperative VAS of back | 5.5 (5, 6) | 5.0 (5, 7) | 0.27 |
| 3 m postoperative VAS of back | 2 (1, 3) | 2 (1, 3) | 0.30 |
| Follow-up VAS of back | 2 (1, 2) | 2 (1, 2) | 0.08 |
| Preoperative VAS of leg | 6 (5, 7) | 6 (5, 7) | 0.48 |
| 3 m postoperative VAS of leg | 2 (2, 3) | 2 (1, 2) | < 0.01 |
| Follow-up VAS of leg | 2 (1, 2) | 2 (1, 2) | 0.02 |
| Preoperative ODI | 58.5 ± 13.7 | 58.2 ± 12.3 | 0.84 |
| 3 m postoperative ODI | 36.7 ± 9.7 | 34.4 ± 8.9 | 0.06 |
| Follow-up ODI | 24.6 ± 6.4 | 22.4 ± 7.7 | 0.02 |