Table 3.
Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) from bivariate and multivariable GLMM for significant correlates of housing status
| Unadjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unsheltered | Unstable | Supportive Housing | Unsheltered | Unstable | Supportive Housing | |
| Age (per year older) | 0.91 (0.88–0.95)*** | 1.00 (0.98–1.02) | 1.02 (0.99–1.06) | 0.96 (0.93–0.99)** | 1.01 (0.99–1.04) | 1.04 (1.01–1.07)* |
| Sexual Minoritya | 2.16 (1.21–3.87)** | 1.41 (0.95–2.10) | 1.26 (0.69–2.28) | |||
| Gender minoritya | 2.32 (0.99–5.42) | 0.69 (0.38–1.25) | 0.71 (0.28–1.78) | |||
|
Raceb Indigenous Otherwise racialized |
1.20 (0.65–2.23) 0.42 (0.13–1.39) |
1.01 (0.67–1.53) 0.81 (0.39–1.68) |
1.16 (0.63–2.14) 0.48 (0.15–1.53) |
|||
| Currently live in DTES | 7.72 (4.71–12.66)*** | 2.58 (1.72–3.89) *** | 3.61 (2.20–5.93) *** | 5.22 (3.06–8.90)*** | 2.20 (1.42–3.43)*** | 3.30 (1.94–5.60)*** |
| Food insecuritya,c | 1.58 (1.02–2.45)* | 1.14 (0.82–1.57) | 1.04 (0.68–1.57) | |||
|
Employmentc,d None Sex work |
2.02 (0.98–4.20) 7.09 (3.22–15.62)*** |
0.71 (0.45–1.10) 1.53 (0.91–2.56) |
1.23 (0.67–2.28) 1.52 (0.75–3.06) |
1.16 (0.55–2.46) 2.58 (1.11–6.00)* |
0.57 (0.36–0.90)* 1.16 (0.65–2.07) |
1.21 (0.64–2.28) 1.23 (0.57–2.65) |
| Incarceration, lifetime | 3.00 (1.54–5.83)** | 1.91 (1.25–2.91)** | 3.15 (1.61–6.15)*** | 1.28 (0.63–2.62) | 1.31 (0.83–2.05) | 2.21 (1.13–4.34)* |
| Hospitalizationc | 4.32 (2.47–7.57)*** | 7.20 (4.43–11.71)*** | 1.00 (0.54–1.84) | 4.93 (2.66–9.12)*** | 7.86 (4.65–13.30)*** | 1.07 (0.55–2.06) |
| Stimulant usec | 5.77 (3.63–9.18)*** | 1.78 (1.29–2.47)*** | 3.01 (1.96–4.62)*** | 2.69 (1.56–4.61)*** | 1.06 (0.72–1.55) | 2.32 (1.42–3.77)*** |
| Opioid usea,c | 3.63 (2.35–5.62)*** | 1.51 (1.08–2.11)* | 1.74 (1.15–2.64)** | |||
| Overdosec | 3.07 (1.38–6.81)** | 1.81 (0.89–3.68) | 1.37 (0.60–3.14) | |||
| Physical/sexual violencec | 6.67 (3.77–11.83)*** | 3.12 (1.88–5.18)*** | 1.74 (0.94–3.22) | 4.71 (2.56–8.68)*** | 3.00 (1.76–5.13)*** | 1.62 (0.86–3.05) |
The stable housing category is the reference for all odds ratios
*p < 0.05
**p < 0.01
***p < 0.001
a Variable was included in the full multivariable explanatory model but not retained in the best fitting model
b White is the reference
c Time-updated variable capturing events in the last six months at each semi-annual study visit
d Formal, legal employment is the reference