| AMPK | adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase |
| GALT | gut-associated lymphoid tissue |
| GLP-1 | glucagon-like peptide-1 |
| GLP-2 | glucagon-like peptide-2 |
| IBD | intestinal bowel disease |
| LPS | lipopolysaccharides |
| MLCK | myosin light-chain kinase |
| NF-κB | nuclear factor-kappa B |
| TGF-β | transforming growth factor-beta |
| TJ | tight junction |
| TNF-α | Tumor necrosis factor-α |
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