Table 1.

Main scientific studies describing the gross and histological lesions and diagnostic methods applied for Senecavirus A identification.

Study	Gross Lesions	Histopathology	Diagnostic Method(s)
Plasma et al., 2008 [22]	Coalescing erosions or ruptured vesicle on the snout and coronary band.	NA *	PCR
Singh et al., 2012 [23]	Intact and ruptured vesicles and erosions in the oral cavity, around the nares and the coronary bands. Ulcers in fore and hind limbs.	Suppurative and ulcerative dermatitis	RT-PCR
Vannucci et al., 2015 [24]	Vesicles and coalescing erosions on the snouts and coronary bands of sows. Occasionally, vesicles and erosions on the coronary bands of piglets.	Hyperkeratosis, intra- and inter-cellular edema of keratinocytes and acantholytic degeneration of basal keratinocytes	Next-generation sequencing, RT-PCR
Baker et al., 2016 [27]	Nasal, coronary band, and hoof vesicular lesions in sows. No gross lesions in neonatal pigs.	NA	NA
Canning et al., 2016 [28]	Vesicular lesions on snouts and hoof lesions in sows. No gross lesions in neonatal pigs.	NA	RT-PCR
Wang et al., 2016 [29]	Ruptured vesicular lesions on the snout and coronary bands in sow	NA	RT-PCR
Wu et al., 2017 [31] *	Fluid-filled vesicles on the snout, interdigital cleft, coronary band. Petechial hemorrhages of kidney and interstitial pneumonia in piglets	Suppurative inflammation in dermis and epidermis, cell necrosis and damage of epithelial cells in hoof. Other lesions described are not strictly associated with SVA	RT-PCR
Montiel et al., 2016 [41] *	Intact or ruptured vesicular lesions on the coronary bands of toes and dewclaws or the interdigital space. Vesicular lesions and erosions on snouts.	NA	RT-PCR
Leme et al., 2016 [44]	Rib impressions on the pleural surface, pulmonary oedema, congestion of meningeal vessels, petechial hemorrhages of the kidney, diphtheritic glossitis, ulcerative lesions at the coronary band, multifocal cutaneous crusts	Interstitial pneumonia, lymphoid depletion, lymphocytic myocarditis, ballooning degeneration of transitional epithelium of the urinary bladder and ureters, lymphoplasmacytic encephalitis, vacuolation and atrophy of intestinal villi.	RT-PCR, IHC
Olivera et al., 2017 [45]	Erosive lesion at the coronary band, mesocolonic edema, multifocal ulceration of the skin	Ballooning degeneration of transitional epithelium, nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis, plexus choroiditis, atrophic enteritis	RT-PCR, IHC

* experimental infection; NA: not available; RT-PCR: real-time PCR; IHC: immunohistochemistry.