A	Pure water permeability (m3/(m2 s Pa))
a	Constant
a 1	Constant
b	Constant
b 1	Constant
C	Solute concentration (mg/L)
Cb	Solute concentration of bulk feed (mg/L)
Cm	Solute concentration on membrane (mg/L)
Cp	Solute concentration of permeate (mg/L)
Cs	Saturated concentration of solute (mg/L)
c	Constant
D	Diffusion coefficient (m2/s)
dh	Hydraulic diameter (m)
Jsc	Scaling-based critical flux (m3/(m2 s))
J’sc	Modified scaling-based critical flux (m3/(m2 s))
Jv	Permeate volume flux (m3/(m2 s))
Jv, 0	Initial permeate volume flux (m3/(m2 s))
Jv,∞	Convergent permeate volume flux (m3/(m2 s))
k	Mass-transfer coefficient (m/s)
L	Length of flow channel of cell (m)
P	Operating pressure (MPa)
ΔP	Operating pressure difference (MPa)
R	Real rejection (−)
Robs	Observed rejection (−)
Re	Reynolds number (−)
Sc	Schmidt number (−)
Sh	Sherwood number (−)
SCI	Scaling index (−)
T	Temperature (K)
u	Flow velocity (m/s)
x	Distance (m)
α	Constant
δ	Boundary layer thickness (m)
μ	Viscosity (Pa s)
π	Osmotic pressure (MPa)
Δπ	Osmotic pressure difference (MPa)
ρ	Density (kg/m3)