Table 2.
Descriptive characteristics of children and adolescents by body mass index (BMI) status
| Characteristic | Total (n = 2,701) | Groups | Statistic | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-overweight or non-obesity (n = 2,408) | Overweight or obesity (n = 293) | ||||
| Age, years, Mean ± SD | 14.63 ± 1.96 | 14.68 ± 1.95 | 14.24 ± 1.94 | t = 3.64 | < 0.001 |
| Gender, n (%) | χ2 = 11.547 | < 0.001 | |||
| Male | 1425 (52.76) | 1243 (51.62) | 182 (62.12) | ||
| Female | 1276 (47.24) | 1165 (48.38) | 111 (37.88) | ||
| Geographic regiona, n (%) | χ2 = 54.050 | < 0.001 | |||
| Eastern China | 631 (23.36) | 520 (21.59) | 111 (37.88) | ||
| Central China | 712 (26.36) | 648 (26.91) | 64 (21.84) | ||
| Western China | 795 (29.43) | 748 (31.06) | 47 (16.04) | ||
| Northeastern China | 563 (20.84) | 492 (20.43) | 71 (24.23) | ||
| Residential areas, n (%) | χ2 = 0.630 | 0.428 | |||
| Urban | 1003 (37.13) | 888 (36.88) | 115 (39.25) | ||
| Rural | 1698 (62.87) | 1520 (63.12) | 178 (60.75) | ||
| Maternal education level, n (%) | Z = 4.189 | < 0.001 | |||
| Below primary school | 356 (13.18) | 327 (13.58) | 29 (9.90) | ||
| Primary school | 545 (20.18) | 499 (20.72) | 46 (15.70) | ||
| Middle school | 1077 (39.87) | 968 (40.20) | 109 (37.20) | ||
| High school and above | 723 (26.77) | 614 (25.50) | 109 (37.20) | ||
| Smoking, n (%) | 95 (3.52) | 81 (3.36) | 14 (4.78) | χ2 = 1.540 | 0.215 |
| Alcohol consumption, n (%) | 390 (14.44) | 329 (13.66) | 61 (20.82) | χ2 = 10.828 | < 0.001 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio, Mean ± SD | 0.82 ± 0.09 | 0.82 ± 0.09 | 0.87 ± 0.08 | t = -10.96 | < 0.001 |
| SBP, mmHg, Mean ± SD | 106.05 ± 11.49 | 105.41 ± 11.27 | 111.29 ± 11.89 | t = -8.38 | < 0.001 |
| DBP, mmHg, Mean ± SD | 69.53 ± 8.52 | 69.20 ± 8.50 | 72.25 ± 8.25 | t = -5.82 | < 0.001 |
SD Standard deviation, SBP Systolic blood pressure, DBP Diastolic blood pressure
aEastern China includes: the city of Beijing and Shanghai, the province of Jiangsu, Shandong and Zhejiang; Central China includes: the province of Henan, Hubei and Hunan; Western China includes: the province of Guizhou, Guangxi, Shanxi and Yunnan, the city of Chongqing; Northeastern China includes: the province of Liaoning and Heilongjiang