Table 2.

Probiotic-based therapy for prevention of peri-implantitis and peri-mucositis process

Probiotic composition	Efficacy	References
Lactobacillus species	•Inhibit the pathogenic bacteria S. mutans, A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis and P. intermedia; •Strongest antimicrobial activity was associated with L. paracasei, L. plantarum, L. rhamnosus and L. salivarius	[60]
L. reuteri	•Slight decreasing of peri-implantitis rate; •Reduction of periodontal and peri-implantitis related species, as P. gingivalis; •Prevention of inflammation, reducing mucositis process; •Clinically effective in terms of pocket depth reduction in this peri-implantitis treatment, but without reaching baseline levels	[59–64]
S. salivarius	•Bacteriocin produced by S. salivarius inhibit the quorum-sensing signals and reducing the S. intermedius biofilm formation in titanium implant surface; •May be ineffective in peri‐implant disease treatment, when caused by C. albicans pathogen	[65, 66]