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. 2022 Sep 7;11(18):5274. doi: 10.3390/jcm11185274

Table 1.

Baseline Patient Characteristics and Comparison of Clinical Variables Stratified by Functional Outcome.

No. of Patients and Characteristics ALL
n = 235 (100%)
Favorable Outcome
n = 127 (54%)
Unfavorable Outcome
n = 108 (46%)
p-Value
Age, Median (IQR) 66 [55.5, 73.0] 65 [55.0, 72.0] 66 [56.0, 74.2] 0.27
Male, n (%) 178 (75.7) 103 (81.1) 75 (69.4) 0.054
Risk factors n (%)
Hypertension, n (%) 175 (74.5) 90 (70.9) 85 (78.7) 0.221
Diabetes, n (%) 61 (26) 26 (20.5) 35 (32.4) 0.054
Hyperlipidemia, n (%) 93 (39.6) 52 (40.9) 41 (38) 0.74
Prior stroke, n (%) 53 (22.6) 26 (20.5) 27 (25) 0.502
Coronary artery disease, n (%) 42 (17.9) 27 (21.3) 15 (13.9) 0.194
Valvular disease, n (%) 43 (18.3) 17 (13.4) 26 (24.1) 0.052
Chronic heart failure, n (%) 20 (8.5) 7 (5.5) 13 (12) 0.121
Atrial fibrillation, n (%) 47 (20) 17 (13.4) 30 (27.8) 0.01
Smoke, n (%) 82 (34.9) 50 (39.4) 32 (29.6) 0.154
Drink, n (%) 36 (15.3) 22 (17.3) 14 (13) 0.457
Homocysteine, Median [IQR] 13 [10.2, 16.4] 12.9 [10.3, 16.2] 13.2 [10.2, 16.8] 0.457
SBP, Median [IQR] 147 [130, 164.5] 144 [129.5, 165.5] 150 [133, 163] 0.579
DBP, Median [IQR] 87 [78, 96] 87 [78, 96] 88 [79, 98] 0.997
HR, Median [IQR] 79 [72, 89] 78 [71, 86] 80 [75, 96] 0.032
Blood Glucose, Median [IQR] 5.9 [5.2, 7.6] 5.6 [5.0, 6.8] 6.5 [5.7, 8.5] <0.001
Glycosylated hemoglobin, Median [IQR] 5.8 [5.5, 6.2] 5.8 [5.6, 6.1] 5.8 [5.5, 6.4] 0.515
Time from last known well to CT (min)
Median [IQR]
600 [600, 900] 540 [330, 840] 660 [390, 960] 0.134
Baseline NIHSS, Median [IQR] 10 [5, 16] 8 [4, 12] 15 [9, 19] <0.001
Imaging items
ASPECTS on NCCT, Median [IQR] 7 [6, 8] 7 [7, 8] 6 [5, 7] <0.001
Location of occlusion on mCTA, n (%) 0.068
ICA or Tandem 85 (36.2) 39 (30.7) 46 (42.6)
M1 102 (43.4) 56 (44.1) 46 (42.6)
M2 or further distal 48 (20.4) 32 (25.2) 16 (14.8)
mCTA score, n (%) <0.001
1 20 (8.5) 0 (0) 20 (18.5)
2 17 (7.2) 2 (1.6) 15 (13.9)
3 117 (49.8) 63 (49.6) 54 (50)
4 63 (26.8) 46 (36.2) 17 (15.7)
5 18 (7.7) 16 (12.6) 2 (1.9)
Good collaterals (4–5) 81 (34.5) 62 (26.4) 19 (8)
Poor collaterals (1–3) 154 (65.5) 65 (27.7) 89 (37.9)
mCTA score, Median [IQR] 3 [3, 4] 3 [3, 4] 3 [2, 3] <0.001
ischemic core volume (rCBF < 30%) (mL), Median [IQR] 4.7 [1.8, 17.5] 2.1 [1.0, 4.5] 15.2 [5.5, 39.3] <0.001
Mismatch ratio, Median [IQR] 13.8 [4.6, 33.5] 22.9 [11.6, 45.6] 5.8 [2.6, 14] <0.001
TMax > 6 s volume (mL), Median [IQR] 78.9 [46.8, 121] 59.0 [29.7, 89.2] 97.5 [68.7, 142.2] <0.001
TMax > 10 s volume (mL), Median [IQR] 17.6 [6.3, 39.4] 7.1 [3.1, 13.2] 39.6 [25.3, 65.2] <0.001
HIR, Median [IQR] 0.2 [0.1, 0.4] 0.1 [0.1, 0.2] 0.4 [0.4, 0.5] <0.001
FIV, Median [IQR] 26.8 [11.4, 76.2] 12.6 [7.5, 18.4] 78.9 [44.5, 165] <0.001
Type of treatment, n (%) 0.358
Intravenous thrombolysis 31 (13.2) 19 (15) 12 (11.1)
Bridging therapy 14 (6.0) 7 (5.5) 7 (6.5)
EVT 73 (31.1) 44 (34.6) 29 (26.9)
Supportive medical treatment only 117 (49.8) 57 (44.9) 60 (55.6)
90 d_mRS, Median [IQR] 2 [1, 4] 1 [1, 2] 4 [3, 5] <0.001

Values in parentheses represent percentage of patients (%); brackets represent first and third quartiles, respectively. Abbreviations: SBP, systolic pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HR, heart rate; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; ASPECTS, Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score; NCCT, unenhanced CT; mCTA, multiphase CTA; ICA, internal cerebral artery; rCBF, relative cerebral blood flow; TMax, the time when the residue function reaches its maximum; HIR, hypoperfusion intensity ratio; FIV, follow-up infarct volume; EVT, endovascular thrombectomy; mRS, modified Rankin scale.