Table 1.
No. of Patients and Characteristics | ALL n = 235 (100%) |
Favorable Outcome n = 127 (54%) |
Unfavorable Outcome n = 108 (46%) |
p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age, Median (IQR) | 66 [55.5, 73.0] | 65 [55.0, 72.0] | 66 [56.0, 74.2] | 0.27 |
Male, n (%) | 178 (75.7) | 103 (81.1) | 75 (69.4) | 0.054 |
Risk factors n (%) | ||||
Hypertension, n (%) | 175 (74.5) | 90 (70.9) | 85 (78.7) | 0.221 |
Diabetes, n (%) | 61 (26) | 26 (20.5) | 35 (32.4) | 0.054 |
Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 93 (39.6) | 52 (40.9) | 41 (38) | 0.74 |
Prior stroke, n (%) | 53 (22.6) | 26 (20.5) | 27 (25) | 0.502 |
Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 42 (17.9) | 27 (21.3) | 15 (13.9) | 0.194 |
Valvular disease, n (%) | 43 (18.3) | 17 (13.4) | 26 (24.1) | 0.052 |
Chronic heart failure, n (%) | 20 (8.5) | 7 (5.5) | 13 (12) | 0.121 |
Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 47 (20) | 17 (13.4) | 30 (27.8) | 0.01 |
Smoke, n (%) | 82 (34.9) | 50 (39.4) | 32 (29.6) | 0.154 |
Drink, n (%) | 36 (15.3) | 22 (17.3) | 14 (13) | 0.457 |
Homocysteine, Median [IQR] | 13 [10.2, 16.4] | 12.9 [10.3, 16.2] | 13.2 [10.2, 16.8] | 0.457 |
SBP, Median [IQR] | 147 [130, 164.5] | 144 [129.5, 165.5] | 150 [133, 163] | 0.579 |
DBP, Median [IQR] | 87 [78, 96] | 87 [78, 96] | 88 [79, 98] | 0.997 |
HR, Median [IQR] | 79 [72, 89] | 78 [71, 86] | 80 [75, 96] | 0.032 |
Blood Glucose, Median [IQR] | 5.9 [5.2, 7.6] | 5.6 [5.0, 6.8] | 6.5 [5.7, 8.5] | <0.001 |
Glycosylated hemoglobin, Median [IQR] | 5.8 [5.5, 6.2] | 5.8 [5.6, 6.1] | 5.8 [5.5, 6.4] | 0.515 |
Time from last known well to CT (min) Median [IQR] |
600 [600, 900] | 540 [330, 840] | 660 [390, 960] | 0.134 |
Baseline NIHSS, Median [IQR] | 10 [5, 16] | 8 [4, 12] | 15 [9, 19] | <0.001 |
Imaging items | ||||
ASPECTS on NCCT, Median [IQR] | 7 [6, 8] | 7 [7, 8] | 6 [5, 7] | <0.001 |
Location of occlusion on mCTA, n (%) | 0.068 | |||
ICA or Tandem | 85 (36.2) | 39 (30.7) | 46 (42.6) | |
M1 | 102 (43.4) | 56 (44.1) | 46 (42.6) | |
M2 or further distal | 48 (20.4) | 32 (25.2) | 16 (14.8) | |
mCTA score, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
1 | 20 (8.5) | 0 (0) | 20 (18.5) | |
2 | 17 (7.2) | 2 (1.6) | 15 (13.9) | |
3 | 117 (49.8) | 63 (49.6) | 54 (50) | |
4 | 63 (26.8) | 46 (36.2) | 17 (15.7) | |
5 | 18 (7.7) | 16 (12.6) | 2 (1.9) | |
Good collaterals (4–5) | 81 (34.5) | 62 (26.4) | 19 (8) | |
Poor collaterals (1–3) | 154 (65.5) | 65 (27.7) | 89 (37.9) | |
mCTA score, Median [IQR] | 3 [3, 4] | 3 [3, 4] | 3 [2, 3] | <0.001 |
ischemic core volume (rCBF < 30%) (mL), Median [IQR] | 4.7 [1.8, 17.5] | 2.1 [1.0, 4.5] | 15.2 [5.5, 39.3] | <0.001 |
Mismatch ratio, Median [IQR] | 13.8 [4.6, 33.5] | 22.9 [11.6, 45.6] | 5.8 [2.6, 14] | <0.001 |
TMax > 6 s volume (mL), Median [IQR] | 78.9 [46.8, 121] | 59.0 [29.7, 89.2] | 97.5 [68.7, 142.2] | <0.001 |
TMax > 10 s volume (mL), Median [IQR] | 17.6 [6.3, 39.4] | 7.1 [3.1, 13.2] | 39.6 [25.3, 65.2] | <0.001 |
HIR, Median [IQR] | 0.2 [0.1, 0.4] | 0.1 [0.1, 0.2] | 0.4 [0.4, 0.5] | <0.001 |
FIV, Median [IQR] | 26.8 [11.4, 76.2] | 12.6 [7.5, 18.4] | 78.9 [44.5, 165] | <0.001 |
Type of treatment, n (%) | 0.358 | |||
Intravenous thrombolysis | 31 (13.2) | 19 (15) | 12 (11.1) | |
Bridging therapy | 14 (6.0) | 7 (5.5) | 7 (6.5) | |
EVT | 73 (31.1) | 44 (34.6) | 29 (26.9) | |
Supportive medical treatment only | 117 (49.8) | 57 (44.9) | 60 (55.6) | |
90 d_mRS, Median [IQR] | 2 [1, 4] | 1 [1, 2] | 4 [3, 5] | <0.001 |
Values in parentheses represent percentage of patients (%); brackets represent first and third quartiles, respectively. Abbreviations: SBP, systolic pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HR, heart rate; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; ASPECTS, Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score; NCCT, unenhanced CT; mCTA, multiphase CTA; ICA, internal cerebral artery; rCBF, relative cerebral blood flow; TMax, the time when the residue function reaches its maximum; HIR, hypoperfusion intensity ratio; FIV, follow-up infarct volume; EVT, endovascular thrombectomy; mRS, modified Rankin scale.