Serum levels of NfL, GFAP and CXCL10 transiently increase after aHSCT and then trend back to pre-aHSCT levels. Levels of studied biomarkers in the serum before and at several time points after aHSCT in MS patients. Concentrations in pg/mL are shown for NfL, GFAP, CXCL10, CXCL9 and CXCL13. Concentrations for CHI3L1 are shown in ng/ml. Numbers at the bottom indicate number of samples included in respective boxplot. Global Kruskal-Wallis test was used first and in case of a significant dif-ference, then a paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test as a post-hoc test with the pre-aHSCT time point as reference group. Significance levels were * for p ≤ 0.05, ** for p ≤ 0.01, *** for p ≤ 0.001 and **** for p ≤ 0.0001.