Table 1.
The studies’ characteristics. Objectively confirmed VTE diagnosis (PE or DVT) was based on clinical and imaging data. “Anticoagulants during follow-up” column refers to whether the subjects enrolled in the study were receiving anticoagulants when the recurrence occurred after the first VTE event. Abbreviations: BMI (kg/m2); VTE: Venous thromboembolic disease; DVT: deep venous thrombosis; PE, pulmonary embolism; m, mean; md, median, y, years; mo, months; n, absolute number; ICD, International Classification of Diseases; NA: Not available or not applicable., * Data are presented as mean ± SE, Data are presented as mean (range).
| Reference | First Author, Year Published | Type of Study | Country (Study Duration) | Follow-up Time (Months) (m or md) |
Sample Size (n) |
Age (Years) [Mean ± SD or Median (Range)] |
Male/Females (n (%)) |
Obese Subjects Included (n (%)) | Primary Event (Diagnostic Criteria) | Provoked/Unprovoked Event | Anticoagulants During Follow-up |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [14] | Garcia-Fuster M.J., 2005 | Prospective cohort | Spain (1989–2004) | 117 (md) | 98 | 32.29 ± 9.2 | 50/48 (51.02%/48.98%) | 18 (18.36%) | VTE (objectively confirmed) | NA | No |
| [15] | Linnemann B., 2008 | Cross-sectional | USA (2000–2006) | NA | 1006 | 43.5 ± 17 | 424/582 (42.15%/57.85%) | 226 (22.7%) | VTE (objectively confirmed) | NA | NA |
| [16] | Rodger M.A., 2008 | Prospective cohort | multicenter (4 counries) (2001–2006) | 18 (m) | 314 | 53 (18–95) | 0/314 (0%/100%) | 28 (8.9%) | VTE (objectively confirmed) | NA | No |
| [17] | Eichinger S., 2008 | Prospective cohort | Austria (1992–2006) | 46 (m) | 1107 | 49 ± 16 | 518/589 (46.80%/53.20%) | 271 (24%) | VTE (objectively confirmed) | 100% unprovoked | No |
| [18] | Di Nisio M., 2011 | Prospective cohort | Italy (1998–2000) | 72 | 1045 | 74.6 ± 0.8 (VTE), 74 ± 0.2 (no VTE) * | 462/583 (44.21%/55.79%) | 265 (25.35%) | VTE (objectively confirmed) | NA | NA |
| [19] | Farzamnia H., 2011 | Retrospective cohort | Iran (2000–2011) | NA | 385 | 48.3 ± 19.16 | 228/157 (59.22%/40.78%) | 7 (1.81%) | DVT (objectively confirmed) | NA | NA |
| [20] | Olié V., 2012 | Prospective cohort | France (2003–2009) | 28 (m) | 583 | 45.8 ± 19.7 (females), 54.4 ± 14.8 (males) | 234/349 (40.14%/59.86%) | 114 (19.55%) | VTE (objectively confirmed) | 100% unprovoked | No |
| [21] | Rodger M.A., 2016 | Prospective cohort | Multicenter (4 countries) (2001–2006) | 60 (m) | 663 | 53.2 (18–95) | 341/322 (51.43%/48.57%) | 248 (37.5%) | VTE (objectively confirmed) | 100% unprovoked | No |
| [22] | Franco Moreno A.I., 2016 | Prospective cohort | Spain (2004–2013) | 21.3 (md) | 398 | 61 (md) | 217/181 (54.52%/45.48%) | 111 (27.8%) | VTE (objectively confirmed) | 100% unprovoked | No |
| [23] | Huang W., 2016 | Retrospective cohort | USA (1999–2009) | 30 (m), 23.4 (md) | 2989 | 64.3 ± 18. 67 | 1319/1670 (44.13%/55.87%) | 826 (27.63%) | VTE (ICD coded) | NA | NA |
| [24] | Di Nisio M., 2016 | Post-hoc analysis of a RCT | Multicenter (30 countries) (2007–2009) | NA | 8230 | 56 (18–97)(BMI < 25), 60 (18–97) (25 ≤ BMI < 30), 60 (18–97) (30 ≤ BMI < 35), 55 (20–92) (BMI ≥ 35) |
4489/3741 (54.54%/45.46%) | 2491 (30.26%) | VTE (objectively confirmed) | 64% unprovoked | Yes |
| [25] | Asim M., 2017 | Retrospective cohort | USA (2008–2012) | 12 | 662 | 50 ± 17 | 325/337 (49.09%/50.91%) | 257 (47%) | DVT (objectively confirmed) | NA | NA |
| [26] | Vučković B.A., 2017 | Prospective cohort | USA (1999–2004) | 67.2 (md) | 3889 | 49 (18–70) | 1750/2139 (45.00%/55.00%) | 814 (20.93%) | VTE (objectively confirmed) | 2688/1155 | No |
| [27] | Mueller C., 2017 | Prospective cohort | Switzerland (2009–2013) | 28 (m) | 986 | 75 (69–81) | 526/460 (53.35%/46.65%) | 242 (24.54%) | VTE (objectively confirmed) | NA | NA |
| [28] | Stewart L.K., 2020 | Retrospective cohort | USA (2004–2017) | 66 (md) | 72,936 | 58 (m) | 32,821/40,115 (45.00%/55.00%) | 16,046 (22%) | VTE (NA) | NA | ΝA |
| [29] | Stewart L.K., 2020 | Retrospective cohort | USA (2004–2017) | 24 | 151,054 | 58 (m) | 66,464/84,590 (44.00%/56.00%) | 28,700 (19%) | PE (ICD coded) | NA | ΝA |
| [30] | Beemen L.F.M., 2020 | Post-hoc analysis of a RCT | Multicenter (37 countries) (2010–2012) | 12 | 1911 | 56.9 ± 16.6 | NA | 672 (35.16%) | DVT (ICD coded) | NA | Yes and No |
| [31] | Giorgi-Pierfranceschi M., 2020 | Prospective cohort | Multicenter (27 countries) (2001–2018) | NA | 16,490 | 64 ± 12 (BMI ≥ 40, patients with cancer), 67 ± 14 (BMI = 18.5–24.9, patients with cancer), 59 ± 16 (BMI ≥ 40, patient without cancer), 61 ± 22 (BMI = 18.5–24.9, patients without cancer) | 7678/8812 (46.56%/53.44%) | 1642 (9.95%) | PE (objectively confirmed) | NA | Yes |
| [32] | Cardinal R.M., 2021 | Retrospective cohort | USA (2012–2017) | 12 | 1059 | NA | 555/504 (52.40%/47.60%) | 552 (52.12%) | DVT (objectively confirmed) | NA | Yes |
| [33] | Weitz J.I., 2021 | Prospective cohort | Multicenter (28 countries) (2014–2017) | 24 | 9479 | 61.9 (BMI < 18.5), 59.6 (BMI = 18.5–24.9), 61.2 (BMI = 25–29.9), 58.9 (BMI ≥ 30) (median) | 4772/4707 (50.34%/49.66%) | 3073 (32.41%) | VTE (ICD coded) | NA | Yes |