Table 2.
The studies’ results. Abbreviations: BMI (kg/m2); VTE: Venous thromboembolic disease; DVT: deep venous thrombosis; PE, pulmonary embolism; m, mean; md, median, y, years; mo, months; n, absolute number; NA: Not available or not applicable., Data are presented as mean ± SE, Data are presented as mean (range).
| Reference | Title | Type of Study | Sample Size (n) |
Obese Subjects (n(%)) | OR/HR/RR (95%, CI) for Recurrence for Obese Subjects | Association of Obesity with VTE Recurrence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| García-Fuster et al. [14] | Long-Term Prospective Study of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism in Patients Younger than 50 Years | Prospective cohort | 98 | 18 (18.36%) | RR = 1.92 (0.83–4.43) | Not significant |
| Linnemann et al. [15] | Impact of sex and traditional cardiovascular risk factors on the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism: results from the German MAISTHRO Registry | Cross-sectional | 1006 | 226 (22.7%) | RR = 1.1 (0.83–1.35), p = 0.664 | Not significant |
| Rodger et al. [16] | Identifying unprovoked thromboembolism patients at low risk for recurrence who can discontinue anticoagulant therapy | Prospective cohort | 646 | 28 (8.9%) | RR = 2.33 (1.14–4.74), p = 0.02 | Significant association (females only) |
| Eichinger et al. [17] | Overweight, obesity, and the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism | Prospective cohort | 1107 | 271 (24%) | HR = 1.6(1.0–2.4), p = 0.02 | Significant association |
| Di Nisio et al. [18] | Obesity, poor muscle strength, and venous thromboembolism in older persons: the InCHIANTI study | Prospective cohort | 1045 | 265 (25.3%) | OR = 9.69 (3.13–30.01) for obesity, OR = 14.57 (5.16–41.15) for obesity with reduced mauscle strength | Significant association |
| Farzamnia et al. [19] | The Predictive Factors of Recurrent Deep Vein Thrombosis | Retrospective cohort | 385 | 7 (1.81%) | OR = 0.013, p = 0.908 | Not significant |
| Olié et al. [20] | Sex specific risk factors for recurrent venous thromboembolism. | Prospective cohort | 583 | 114 (19.55%) | HR = 2.8 (1.3–6) (Female population) | Significant association (females only) |
| Rodger et al. [21] | Long-term risk of venous thrombosis after stopping anticoagulants for a first unprovoked event: A multi-national cohort | Prospective cohort | 663 | 248 (37.5%) | OR = 2.3 (1.1–5.1) (female populaton) | Significant association (females only) |
| Franco Moreno et al. [22] | A risk score for prediction of recurrence in patients with unprovoked venous thromboembolism (DAMOVES) | Prospective cohort | 398 | 111 (27.8%) | HR = 3.92 (1.75–8.75), p = 0.0001 | Significant association |
| Huang et al. [23] | Occurrence and predictors of recurrence after a first episode of acute venous thromboembolism: population-based Worcester Venous Thromboembolism Study | Retorpsective cohort | 2989 | 826 (27.63%) | HR = 0.81 (0.7–1.21) at 3 years, HR = 0.70 (0.43–1.13). At 3 months, HR = 0.46 (0.15–1.44) patients with active cancer, HR = 0.79 (0.46–1.36) patients without active cancer | Not significant |
| Di Nisio et al. [24] | Treatment of venous thromboembolism with rivaroxaban in relation to body weight. A sub-analysis of the EINSTEIN DVT/PE studies | Post-hoc of a RCT | 8230 | 2491 (30.26%) | HR = 0.70 (0.31–1.57) f for patients with BMI = 30–34.9: HR = 1.45 (0.62–3.39) for patients with BMI ≥ 35: | Not significant |
| Asim et al. [25] | Recurrent Deep Vein Thrombosis After the First Venous Thromboembolism Event: A Single-Institution Experience | Retrospective cohort | 662 | 257 (47%) | OR = 2.2 (1.37–3.53), p = 0.001 | Significant association |
| Vučković et al. [26] | Recurrent venous thrombosis related to overweight and obesity: results from the MEGA follow-up study | Prospective cohort | 3889 | 814 (20.93%) | HR = 1.05 (0.85–1.30) | Not significant |
| Mueller et al. [27] | Obesity is not associated with recurrent venous thromboembolism in elderly patients: Results from the prospective SWITCO65+ cohort study | Prospective cohort | 986 | 242 (24.51%) | HR = 1.10 (0.7–1.74) | Not significant |
| Stewart et al. [28] | Metabolic Syndrome Increases Risk of Venous Thromboembolism Recurrence after Acute Pulmonary Embolism | Retrospective cohort | 72,936 | 16,046 (22%) | HR = 2.08 (2.00–2.17) | Significant association |
| Stewart et al. [29] | Metabolic syndrome increases risk of venous thromboembolism recurrence after acute deep vein thrombosis | Retrospective cohort | 151,054 | 28,700 (19%) | OR = 1.53 (1.48–1.59) | Significant association |
| Beemen et al. [30] | Prognostic characteristics and body mass index in patients with pulmonary embolism: does size matter? | Post-hoc of a RCT | 1911 | 672 (35.16%) | OR = 1.82 (0.78–4.25) for BMI = 30–34.9: OR = 0.71 (0.78–3.34), for BMI =35–39.9 OR = 1.41 (0.78–2.53) for BMI ≥ 40 | Not significant |
| Giorgi-Pierfranceschi et al. [31] | Morbid Obesity and Mortality in Patients With VTE: Findings From Real-Life Clinical Practice | Prospective cohort | 16,490 | 1642 (9.95%) | HR = 1.01 (0.64–1.58) for BMI ≥ 40 without cancer: HR = 1.03 (0.52–2.01) for BMI ≥ 40 with cancer | Not significant |
| Cardinal et al. [32] | Safety and efficacy of direct oral anticoagulants across body mass index groups in patients with venous thromboembolism: a retrospective cohort design | Retrospective cohort | 1059 | 552 (52.19%) | OR = 0.98 (0.49–1.65) for BMI = 30–39.9 OR = 1.52 (0.74–3.15) for BMI ≥ 40 |
Not significant |
| Weitz et al. [33] | Influence of body mass index on clinical outcomes in venous thromboembolism: Insights from GARFIELD-VTE | Prospective cohort | 9479 | 3073 (32.41%) | HR = 1.07(0.85–1.340), p = 0.5521 | Not significant |