Table 3.
Classification/Prediction Potential of Biomarker Panels.
| References | Discriminant Models | Discriminant Group; Precision |
|---|---|---|
| ROP | ||
| Yang (2020) | Altered metabolites | All AUC > 0.5; C3DC (AUC = 0.914, sen = 97.5%, and spe = 68.3%); glycine (AUC = 0.659, sen = 92.5%, and spe = 58.5%) |
| Zhou (2021) | Altered metabolites | The AUC values for citrulline, creatinine, arginine, and aminoadipic acid were 0.7221, 0.7000, 0.6759, and 0.6545; The combination of the 4 altered metabolites (AUC = 0.8703) |
| Zhou (2020) | Altered metabolites | 10 metabolites obtained AUC larger than 0.7 under positive ion mode; Under negative ion mode, 5 metabolites obtained AUC larger than 0.7. |
| AMD | ||
| Mitchell (2018) | 159 differential features | Accuracy = 96.1% (training set); 75.6% (test set) |
| Li (2016) | differential features | LPA (18:2), LPC (20:4), PC (20:1p/19:1), SM (d16:0/22:2), PAF (35:4), PC (16:0/22:5) and PC (18:1/20:4) are evaluated separately, AUC is greater than or equal 0.8 |
| Liu (2020) | Demographic characteristics and panel metabolites(hypoxanthine, L-2-amino-3-(1-pyrazolyl)propanoic acid, linoleic acid, maleic acid, ribonolactone) (PM vs. control); | AUC = 0.906; sen = 0.877; spe = 0.684 (PM vs. control); |
| Demographic characteristics and panel metabolites(5-hydroxylysine, caproic acid, D-tagatose, glyceraldehyde, hydroxyphenyllactic acid, L-2-amino-3-(1-pyrazolyl)propanoic acid, linoleic acid, pipecolic acid, pyruvic acid, and ribonolactone) (AMD vs. control); | AUC = 0.971; sen = 0.963; spe = 0.907 (AMD vs. control); | |
| Demographic characteristics and panel metabolites(hypoxanthine,L-2-Amino-3-(1-pyrazolyl)propanoicacid,linoleic acid, maleic acid, pipecolic acid, pyruvic acid, ribonolactone, 5-hydroxydopamine, and phenylpyruvic acid) (PCV vs. control); | AUC = 0.948; sen = 0.901; spe = 0.853 (PCV vs. control); | |
| PDR | ||
| Sumarriva (2019) | 219 differential features | Accuracy = 91.7% |
| Zhu (2019) | Fumaric acid, uridine, acetic acid, and cytidine | AUCs = 0.96, 0.95, 1.0, and 0.95, respectively |
| Wang (2019) | AH: D-2,3-dihydroxypropanoic acid, isocitric acid, fructose 6-phosphate, and L-lactic acid | (AH)AUC = 0.965, sen = 88%, spe = 95.7% |
| Vitreous: pyroglutamic acid and pyruvic acid | (Vitreous) AUC = 0.965, sen = 88%, spe = 95.7% |
AMD = age-related macular degeneration; PCV = polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy; ROP = retinopathy of prematurity; PDR = proliferative diabetic retinopathy; sen = sensitivity; spe = specificity; AUC = area under curve.