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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Neuroimage. 2022 Jun 19;259:119401. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119401

Figure 2: Conceptual illustration of single-region dynamic landscapes and a bifurcation diagram.

Figure 2:

(a-c) Dynamics of a single brain region is here governed by a landscape, where the valleys represent the stable states, or attractors, and the peaks represent unstable states, or repellers. (d) The dynamic landscape of the region can be deformed or controlled by an external parameter (control parameter) such as the current input from other regions. The variation of the dynamic landscape with respect to the control parameter can be studied through the variation of its attractors and repellers, shown as points projected to the bottom plane. This simplified representation, which depicts how the attractors and repellers depend on the continuous changes of the control parameter, is called a bifurcation diagram (e). In the bifurcation diagram, each attractor traces out a stripe (two red lines) under the continuous change of the control parameter. At critical values of the control parameter (±1), one attractor is annihilated by the repeller and disappears. This process is referred to as a bifurcation.