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. 2022 Sep 9;10(9):1508. doi: 10.3390/vaccines10091508

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Passive immunization with anti-MA antibodies blocks drug-induced reinstatement of MA-seeking behavior. Data presented are from two female (M4 and M11) and two male (M17 and M22) rats that were tested at baseline then after being passively immunized with antibodies generated from the TT-SMA vaccine with entolimod. (A) After rats underwent extinction (EX1-EX2), rats received an IP injection of MA (2 mg/kg; R1) that produced a significant increase in lever pressing (i.e., drug-seeking). Following reinstatement tests, extinction training resumed and rats were passively immunized with anti-MA antibodies. After passive immunization, rats received another dose of MA (R2). Passive immunization with anti-MA antibodies significantly blocked drug-seeking behavior and three of four rats that showed no lever pressing. (B) Serial dilutions of serum from each rat and (C) the total anti-MA antibody levels are presented.