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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Sep 23.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022 Apr 19;79(15):1492–1505. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.02.010

CENTRAL ILLUSTRATION. A Call to Action for Studying Sex Differences.

CENTRAL ILLUSTRATION

The pathogenesis, epidemiology, and outcomes for hypertension, obesity, and diabetes differ in women and men and in boys and girls, demonstrating the intersection of sex and gender. However, because of a lack of specifically designed studies to examine therapeutic sexspecific responses to therapy, we lack a robust evidence base to present well-defended sex-specific guidance. Future studies should address sex and gender as outcome variables incorporated into the design of the study. Currently available data from completed and in-process studies should be explored for sex differences. RCT = randomized controlled trial; rx = treatment.