Table 1.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex pathogens and their hosts.
| MTBC Pathogens | Primary Hosts | Secondary/Sporadic Hosts |
|---|---|---|
| M. bovis | African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer) [44,55,56], Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) [57,58,59,60,61,62], bushbucks (Tragelaphus scriptus) [28,63,64], bush pigs [40,65,66] (Potamochoerus porcus), cattle [18,67,68,69], chacma baboons (Papio ursinus) [28,70,71], cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) [70,72], common duiker (Syvicapra grimmia) [12,73], African elephants (Loxodonta africana) [28,59,74], eland (Taurotragus oryx) [28,40,66], giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) [75], european badger (Meles meles) [76,77,78,79], honey badger (Mellivora capensis) [12,28,80], greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) [72,81], hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) [82,83], impala (Aepyceros melampus) [28,40,84], African leopards (Panthera pardus) [28,35,85], African lions (Panthera leo) [6,11,28,86,87,88,89], banded mongoose (Mungos mungo) [90,91], nyala (Tragelaphus angasii) [28,92] black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) [6,93,94,95], red fox (Vulpes vulpes) [96], spotted genet (Genetta tigrine) [28,65,81], springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis) [12,28], common warthog (Phacochoerus africanus) [28,97,98,99], wild boars (Sus scrofa) [96], African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) [100,101,102,103], blue wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) [104,105], wild deer (Capreolus capreolus, Cervus elaphus) [96], white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) [35,95,104,106] | Humans [17,19,43], cats [107] |
| M. tuberculosis | Humans [1,19,28] | Cattle [108,109], non-human primates [110,111], dogs [112,113,114], cats [115], zoo animals e.g., black and white rhinos [116], African elephants, and Asian elephants [117,118,119], goats [120] |
| Mycobacterium africanum | Humans [121,122,123] | Cattle [124], rock hyraxes (Procavia capensis) [29,125] |
| Mycobacterium pinnipedii | Seals (pinnipedts) [126] | Humans [127,128], cattle [129] |
| Mycobacterium caprae | Goats, sheep, and pigs [130,131] | Humans [132] |
| Mycobacterium microti | Cats, pigs [133], bank vole, wood mouse, shrew [134] | Humans [135] |
| Mycobacterium orygis | Antelope, deer, waterbuck [136], oryxes, gazelles [137], | Humans [138] |
| Mycobacterium canettii | Humans [29,139,140,141] | - |
| Mycobacterium mungi | Banded mongooses [142] | - |
| Mycobacterium suricattae | Meerkats (Suricata suricatta) [143] | - |
| Chimpanzee bacillus | Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) [16] | - |
| Dassie bacillus | Rock hyraxes [14,144], meerkats [143,145] | - |